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Impact of Endocrine Disorders on the Kidney

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Endocrinology and Systemic Diseases

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

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Abstract

Endocrine and renal pathophysiology is interwoven at a granular level, and physicians involved in both disciplines must work closely together to appreciate diagnostic subtleties that can make a substantial difference in the therapeutic approach.

Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus and is associated with considerable cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, at histological level diabetic patients show a high prevalence of nondiabetic renal diseases or mixed forms thus the term diabetic nephropathy should be used only for biopsy-proven kidney disease caused by diabetes. As the treatment may diverge, and the risk profile is comparable to that of the general population, renal biopsy should be performed to allow a proper diagnosis and prognosis. Obesity, on the other hand, is becoming increasingly worrying as indicated by the recent upward surge in incidence of obesity related glomerulopathy. Such complex disorder affects the kidney leading to glomerular damage, chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis, and kidney cancers, and demands population-wide interventions since preventive measures are definitely possible. Here, we also analyze the alterations of thyroid hormones, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antidiuretic hormone, parathyroid, and sexual hormones in the setting of chronic kidney disease. The interplay between different endocrine axes is taken into account in light of the clinical changes driven by modifications in renal function.

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Author notes

  1. Silvia Matino and Francesco Pesce contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

    Silvia Matino, Francesco Pesce, Michele Rossini, Giuseppina D’Ettorre, Alessandro Mascolo & Loreto Gesualdo

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  1. Silvia Matino
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  2. Francesco Pesce
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  3. Michele Rossini
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  4. Giuseppina D’Ettorre
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  5. Alessandro Mascolo
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  6. Loreto Gesualdo
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Correspondence to Loreto Gesualdo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Biomed Sci & Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University Medical Sch Dept of Biomed Sci & Human Oncology, Bari, Italy

    Piero Portincasa

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Department of Endocrinology, Pamplona, Spain

    Gema Frühbeck

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Matino, S., Pesce, F., Rossini, M., D’Ettorre, G., Mascolo, A., Gesualdo, L. (2019). Impact of Endocrine Disorders on the Kidney. In: Portincasa, P., Frühbeck, G. (eds) Endocrinology and Systemic Diseases. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66362-3_5-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66362-3_5-1

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