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Changes in the Immune System in Parkinson’s Disease

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and the abnormal accumulation throughout the brain of insoluble intraneuronal aggregates of α-synuclein in the so-called Lewy bodies. A consistent pathological hallmark of the disease is the microgliosis, not only in substantia nigra but also in other areas where α-synuclein aggregates. Although microglia activation could promote cell degeneration, it can also exert protective effects. The balance of the different processes related to microglia would have therefore an important role in neuronal fate. Data emerging during recent years have shown that infiltration of T-cells in brain, as well as changes in peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes, are occurring in parkinsonian patients. Moreover autoantibodies are also produced during the disease. Altogether suggesting a role for both the innate and the adaptive immune system, and a cross talk between processes occurring in the brain and in the periphery. In this chapter, we will review the data regarding immune system collected from human patients. We will also reflect upon these changes in view of the central role that α-synuclein has in Parkinson’s disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AU IDEAS Center NEURODIN, CNS Disease Modeling Group, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Marina Romero-Ramos

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  1. Marina Romero-Ramos
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Correspondence to Marina Romero-Ramos .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Geriatrics Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke Dept. of Medicine, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

  2. Dept of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Claudio Franceschi

  3. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Graham Pawelec

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  1. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

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Romero-Ramos, M. (2018). Changes in the Immune System in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Fulop, T., Franceschi, C., Hirokawa, K., Pawelec, G. (eds) Handbook of Immunosenescence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_150-1

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