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Handbook of Immunosenescence pp 1–21Cite as

Vitamin D Up-Regulates the Vitamin D Receptor by Protecting It from Proteasomal Degradation

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Abstract

Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) play prominent roles in multiple aspects of human health and disease, and great interest is focused on the role that vitamin D might play in decreasing the risk of chronic illnesses such as autoimmune, infectious, and cardiovascular diseases. Humans normally get the majority of their vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. However, modern living and other cultural conditions limit our exposure to sunlight, and the frequency of people with vitamin D deficiency is generally high. Furthermore, the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency increases with age, i.e., due to a decreased capacity to produce vitamin D in old skin. The physiological actions of vitamin D are mediated by the VDR that functions as a ligand-induced transcription factor. The VDR is widely expressed by various cell types in the body, including many cells of the immune system, and vitamin D has strong immunomodulatory properties. The expression level of the VDR in cells is a key component for the cellular sensitivity to vitamin D, and vitamin D and VDR expression are consequently carefully regulated by a number of mechanisms. The VDR expression is modulated by the presence of its own ligand in most cell types. The typical response to vitamin D is up-regulation of VDR expression. This can in theory be caused by an increased rate of VDR synthesis and/or a decreased rate of receptor degradation. This chapter focus on how vitamin D up-regulates the VDR by protecting it from proteasomal degradation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Martin Kongsbak-Wismann, Anna Kathrine Obelitz Rode, Marie Mathilde Hansen, Charlotte Menné Bonefeld & Carsten Geisler

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  1. Martin Kongsbak-Wismann
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  2. Anna Kathrine Obelitz Rode
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  3. Marie Mathilde Hansen
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  4. Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
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  5. Carsten Geisler
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Correspondence to Carsten Geisler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Geriatrics Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke Dept. of Medicine, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

  2. Dept of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Claudio Franceschi

  3. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Graham Pawelec

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Kongsbak-Wismann, M., Rode, A.K.O., Hansen, M.M., Bonefeld, C.M., Geisler, C. (2018). Vitamin D Up-Regulates the Vitamin D Receptor by Protecting It from Proteasomal Degradation. In: Fulop, T., Franceschi, C., Hirokawa, K., Pawelec, G. (eds) Handbook of Immunosenescence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_110-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_110-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64597-1

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