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Diagnostic and Treatment by Different Techniques of Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste in Morocco Using Experimental Design Methodology

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Handbook of Environmental Materials Management

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Abstract

The management and treatment of leachate issues in Morocco are of technological and environmental orders. Indeed, the pressure on the environment as on the quality of life of the populations and health conditions are becoming more and more alarming, which directs researchers to find adequate solutions to the leachate treatment with less expensive technology investment and exploitation.

The present work shows the results of leachate treatment coming from two site: leachates from Municipal Solid Waste of the city Mohammedia and leachates from the landfill of the city Kenitra by the coagulation flocculation process, using several coagulants (FeCl3 a rejection of the steel industry rich in FeCl3 (SIWW), Al(Cl)n) and flocculants (Himoloc DR3000 and cactus), by biological processes (aerobic and anaerobic) and by physicochemical and biological techniques.

This study aims to implement a simple technique and less expensive investment and operation for the reduction of pollution of leachate based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The latter can significantly reduce the time and cost. Tests are carried out in the laboratory to assess the optimal conditions for effectively reducing pollution of leachate.

To achieve this goal, the mastery of pollution is needed to quantify the different types of pollutants. Indeed, leachate discharges are rich in organic matter, NH4 +, detergents, phenols, etc. The results showed that the pH without adding reagents has considerable influence on the reduction of pollution in terms of COD, BOD5, NH4 +, detergents, phenols, color, organic matter measured at 254 nm. The comparative study of treatment of leachate from MSW of the city of Mohammedia and that of the discharge Ouled Berjal Kenitra by coagulation flocculation process has shown that the effectiveness of the latter is based on the quality of leachate selected for the study (stabilized leachate, slightly stabilized, young, etc.). The optimal concentrations evaluated over time will vary with the quality of leachate from Mohammedia and from landfill of the city of Kenitra. The comparative study of different coagulants showed that removal of pollution depends on coagulants, flocculants, pH, and function of the physicochemical characteristics of leachate. Sludge formation is high at basic pH (700 ml/L), whereas its production during coagulation flocculation is a function of nature of coagulants and flocculants added. The optimization of the Response Surface Methodology of coagulation flocculation process in the treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste of city of Mohammedia by studying the combination of coagulants and flocculants has allowed us the valuation of a biofloculant such as cactus and a wastewater of steel industry rich in FeCl3.

The second technique concerns the treatment of leachate from Municipal Solid Waste by aerobic and anaerobic biological pathway, on the one hand by studying the evolution of indicators of pollution parameters such as COD, phenol, detergent, and the ammonia in the absence and presence of ventilation, on the other hand, the combination of anaerobic and aerobic treatment.

The technique using the continuous and discontinuous aeration significantly reduced pollution leachate from the city of Mohammedia. Removal ranging from 90% to 60% of surfactant was obtained during aeration of leachate from MSW, while the phenol removal efficiency varies around 63%. Good reduction of COD and BOD5 during aeration was obtained during the study cycle. In addition, the treatment of leachate with a high organic load by the combined biological process – anaerobic for 43 days followed by intensive aeration at 3.5 L of air per minute per 10 l of leachate over a period of 30 days – has allowed elimination of 75%, 66%, and 60% of the COD, BOD5, and turbidity, respectively, after 73 days.

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Acknowledgments

The work done in this study was funded by the Ministry of the Environment as part of a leachate treatment project at the Kenitra City Wastewater Facility, which we warmly thank.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University – Hassan II, Mohammedia, Morocco

    Meriem Abouri & Salah Souabi

  2. Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis and Development of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University – Hassan II, Mohammedia, Morocco

    M. Abdellah Bahlaoui

Authors
  1. Meriem Abouri
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  2. Salah Souabi
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  3. M. Abdellah Bahlaoui
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Correspondence to Meriem Abouri .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey InstTech, 151 D Tiernan-NJIT Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Ph. D

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Abouri, M., Souabi, S., Bahlaoui, M. (2018). Diagnostic and Treatment by Different Techniques of Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste in Morocco Using Experimental Design Methodology. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_88-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_88-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58538-3

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