Synonyms
FBS; Symptom exaggeration
Description
As a result of observing a distinct pattern of symptom reporting in personal injury litigants and secondary to the F-family’s limitations, Lees-Haley and colleagues (Lees-Haley et al. 1991; Lees-Haley, 1992) developed the “Fake Bad Scale” (FBS) of the MMPI-2. It was intended to be sensitive to personal injury exaggeration and was constructed on a “rational content basis.” Specifically, the authors utilized unpublished frequency counts of litigant’s MMPI-2 test data and responses that coincided with a model of goal-directed behavior characterized by: (1) appearing honest; (2) appearing psychologically normal, except for the influence of the alleged cause of injury; (3) avoiding admitting preexisting psychopathology; (4) attempting to minimize the impact of previously disclosed preexisting complaints; (5) minimizing or hiding pre-injury antisocial or illegal behavior; and (6) presenting a degree of injury or disability within perceived...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References and Readings
Bury, A. S., & Bagby, R. M. (2002). The detection of feigned uncoached and coached post-traumatic stress disorder with the MMPI-2 in a sample of workplace accident victims. Psychological Assessment, 14, 472–484.
Butcher, J. N., Arbisi, P. A., Atlis, M. M., & McNulty, J. L. (2003). The construct validity of the Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale: Does this scale measure somatic malingering and feigned emotional distress? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, 472–485.
Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., Axelrod, B., Peck, T. A., & Gervais, R. (2004). The Fake Bad Scale and MMPI-2 F-family in detection of implausible psychological trauma claims. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18, 573–590.
Greiffenstein, M. F., Fox, D., & Lees-Haley, P. R. (2007). The MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale in detection of noncredible brain injury claims. In K. Boone (Ed.), Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
Heilbronner, R. L., Sweet, J. J., Morgan, J. E., Larrabee, G. J., & Millis, S. R. (2009). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology consensus conference statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 1093–1129.
Larrabee, G. J. (2007). Evaluation of exaggerated health and injury symptomatology. In G. Larrabee (Ed.), Assessment of malingered neuropsychological deficits. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lees-Haley, P. R. (1992). Efficacy of MMPI-2 validity scales and MCMI-II modifier scales for detecting spurious PTSD claims: F, F-K, Fake Bad Scale, ego strength, subtle-obvious scales, DIS, and DEB. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 745–755.
Lees-Haley, P. R., English, L. T., & Glenn, W. J. (1991). A Fake Bad Scale on the MMPI-2 for personal injury claimants. Psychological Reports, 68, 203–210.
Nelson, N. W., Sweet, J. J., & Demakis, G. J. (2006). Meta-analysis of the MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale: Utility in forensic practice. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20, 39–58.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Heilbronner, R.L. (2018). Fake Bad Scale. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_831
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_831
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57110-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57111-9
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences