Short Description
Second impact syndrome (SIS) has been defined as the rapid cerebral edema and herniation after a second impact on the head, before the recovery from the initial blow (Erlanger et al. 1999).
Categorization
SIS is characterized as a very rare, preventable condition that has been exhibited mostly in younger adults and adolescents, owing to the fragility of younger people’s developing brains (Bowen 2003).
Epidemiology
SIS has been primarily observed in younger people, particularly athletes, under the age of 20 years. It has been reported that those who have had any prior history of concussion have a higher chance of experiencing SIS if a second concussion occurs (Bowen 2003). Every documented case has been of males; however, this may be due to higher male participation in more physical activities such as contact sports.
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
SIS is due to a second impact to the brain, chest, and side or an impact that snaps the head during the...
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References and Readings
Bowen, A. P. (2003). Second impact syndrome: A rare catastrophic preventable complication of concussion in young athletes. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 29(3), 287–289.
Cobb, S., & Battin, B. (2004). Second-impact syndrome. The Journal of School Nursing, 20(5), 262–267.
Erlanger, D. M., Kutner, K. C., Barth, J. T., & Barnes, R. (1999). Neuropsychology of sports-related injury: Dementia pugilistica to post concussion syndrome. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(2), 193–209.
Proctor, M. R., & Cantu, R. C. (2000). Head and neck injuries in young athletes. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 19(4), 693–715.
Weinstein, E., Turner, M., Kuzma, B. B., & Feuer, H. (2013). Second impact syndrome in football: New imaging and insights into a rare and devastating condition. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 11, 331–334.
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Adler, A., Zeidan, F. (2018). Second Impact Syndrome. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_572
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_572
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57111-9
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