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Computerized Assessment of Response Bias

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  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Synonyms

CARB

Description

The Computerized Assessment of Response Bias (CARB) is a computer-based assessment tool for evaluating effort. The test is one of many tests characterized as symptom validity tests (SVT), measures of response bias, tests used to assess possible malingering or poor effort, and tests of exaggeration of deficit. The test is a computerized version of the digit recognition paradigm using a forced choice format, akin to the procedure described by Hiscock and Hiscock (1989) and Binder (1990). Frequently, statistical determination of below chance performance (based on the binomial theorem) has been used with tests such as these. However, CARB has been described as an easy test to perform, resulting in the ability to detect inadequate effort using above chance cut-off scores (Millis 2008, p. 896). The test has been studied with a wide variety of populations, including head injury, chronic fatigue syndrome, musculoskeletal injuries, pain disorders, and psychiatric or...

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References and Readings

  • Allen, L. M., Conder, R. L., Green, P., & Cox, D. R. (1997). CARB’ 97 manual for the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias. Durham: CogniSyst, Inc.

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  • Allen, L. M., Richards, P. M., Green, W. P., Iverson, G. L., & Conder, R. L. (1998). Performance patterns on the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias in 1752 compensation cases (Abstract). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 13, 15–16.

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  • Allen, L. M., Iverson, G. L., & Green, P. (2003). Computerized Assessment of Response Bias in forensic neuropsychology. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 3(2), 205–225.

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  • de Armas, A. (1996, July–August). Detection of malingering in forensic psychological evaluations. The Forensic Examiner, 5, 26–28.

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  • Binder, L. M. (1990). Malingering following minor head trauma. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 4, 25–36.

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  • Conder, R., Allen, L., & Cox, D. (1992). Manual for the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias. Durham: CogniSyst, Inc.

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  • Flaro, L., Green, P., & Allen, L. M., III. (2000). Symptom validity test results with children: CARB and WMT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15(8), 840.

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  • Gervais, R., Green, P., Allen, L., & Iverson, G. (2001). Effects of coaching on symptom validity testing in chronic pain patients presenting for disability assessments. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2(2), 1–19.

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  • Green, P., & Iverson, G. L. (2001). Validation of the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias in litigating patients with head injuries. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15, 492–497.

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  • Harrison, A. G., Flaro, L., & Armstrong, I. (2015). Rates of effort test failure in children with ADHD: An exploratory study. Applied Neuropsychology, 4, 197–210.

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  • Hiscock, M., & Hiscock, C. K. (1989). Refining the forced-choice method for the detection of malingering. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11, 967–974.

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  • Larrabee, G. J. (2007). Assessment of malingered neuropsychological deficits. New York: Oxford University Press.

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  • Millis, S. R. (2008). Assessment of incomplete effort and malingering in the neuropsychological examination. In J. E. Morgan & J. H. Ricker (Eds.), Textbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: Taylor & Francis.

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  • Mossman, D., Wygant, D. B., & Gervais, R. O. (2012). Estimating the accuracy of neurocognitive measures in the absence of a “gold standard”. Psychological Assessment, 24, 815–822.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Consultants, P.C., Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    David R. Cox

Authors
  1. David R. Cox
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David R. Cox .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Jeffrey S. Kreutzer

  2. Kessler Foundation, Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, USA

    John DeLuca

  3. Independent Practice, Wynnewood, PA, USA

    Bruce Caplan

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Cox, D.R. (2018). Computerized Assessment of Response Bias. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_2228

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