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MMSE
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The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) is an interviewer-administered 30-item screening examination to assess cognitive status and to track cognitive impairment or recovery over time. Although the MMSE is typically used to screen for mental impairment in older adults, the test can be administered to individuals who are 18–85 years or older, with some normative data available for children as young as 10 years of age.
The items (or questions) yield a possible total of 30 points and are organized as follows: orientation to time and place (10 points), registration (object memory – 3 points), attention and calculation (5 points), (short-term) recall (3 points), and language (object naming, word repetition, comprehension, reading, writing, and drawing – 9 points). The MMSE is typically administered in 5–10 min, and administration procedures are clearly explained (Folstein et al. 1975).
There is little detail regarding normative procedures in the original publications,...
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References and Readings
Albanese, M. A., & Ward, S. B. (2003). Review of the mini mental state examination. In B. S. Plake & J. C. Impara (Eds.), The fifteenth mental measurements yearbook. Buros Institute of Mental Measurements: Lincoln.
Crum, R. M., Anthony, J. C., Bassett, S. S., & Folstein, M. F. (1993). Population-based norms for the mini-mental state examination by age and educational level. JAMA, 18, 2386–2391.
Folstein, M., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state” a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198.
Hensel, A., Angermeyer, M. C., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2007). Measuring cognitive change in older adults: Reliable change indices for the mini-mental state examination. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78, 1298–1303.
Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tombaugh, T. N., & McIntyre, N. J. (1992). The mini-mental state examination: A comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 922–935.
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Schatz, P. (2018). Mini-Mental State Exam. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_199
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_199
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