Synonyms
Extinction to double simultaneous stimulation (DSS); Sensory extinction
Short Description or Definition
Extinction refers to a failure to detect one of two simultaneously presented stimuli, even though when presented individually, each stimulus can be detected.
Categorization
Extinction during DSS can occur in the somatosensory, auditory, and visual modalities.
Epidemiology
Extinction most often occurs with damage to the right hemisphere usually seen after stroke or neoplasm. However, under rare circumstances, extinction has been shown to occur in normal individuals and in patients with left hemisphere lesions. Extinction is usually considered as a manifestation of the neglect syndrome but often persists after other symptoms of neglect resolve. Neglect in humans can occur with lesions in the inferior parietal lobe, dorsal frontal lobe, cingulated gyrus, basal ganglia, and thalamus but is most frequently observed after temporoparietal lesions.
Natural History, Prognostic...
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References and Readings
Halligan, P. W., & Marshall, J. C. (1993). The history and clinical presentation of neglect. In I. H. Robertson & J. C. Marshall (Eds.), Unilateral neglect: Clinical and experimental studies (pp. 3–19). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Hier, D. B., Mondlock, J., & Caplan, L. R. (1983). Recovery of behavioral abnormalities after right hemisphere stroke. Neurology, 33, 345–350.
Kaplan, R. F., Verfaellie, M., DeWitt, L. D., & Caplan, L. R. (1990). Effects of changes in stimulus contingency on visual extinction. Neurology, 40, 1299–1301.
Poppelreuter, W. (1990). Disturbances of lower and higher visual capacities by occipital damage (J. Zihl, Trans.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Strauss, E., Sherman, E., & Preen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford.
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Kaplan, R.F. (2018). Extinction. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1300
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1300
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