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Definition
Shear injury is a traumatic brain injury that occurs as white matter and white matter connections are disrupted from acceleration-deceleration or rotational acceleration mechanisms of force. The axons of neurons are disturbed from a biomechanical and, often also, a biochemical standpoint. These disconnections of white matter can result in axonal, and ultimately cell, death. Functional consequences of these injuries may be slowed cognitive processing speed, decreased motor coordination, disturbance in language function, and disturbance in higher-level executive functions.
Current Knowledge
No single technique is endorsed as the method for quantifying shear injury that may be present following head injury. Diffuse tensor imaging, with diffusion-weighted images, is the most common clinical index used to estimate tissue integrity. The appearance of hemosiderin deposition or cerebral micro-bleeds on early postimpact brain imaging has been associated...
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References and Readings
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Rush, B. (2016). Shearing Injury, Shear Strain. In: Kreutzer, J., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_277-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_277-2
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