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DNA Methylation in Anti-cancer Effects of Dietary Catechols and Stilbenoids: An Overview of Underlying Mechanisms

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

Carcinogenesis involves an accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations. DNA methylation, a dynamic epigenetic modification, may underlie genomic instability, silencing of genes with tumor suppressor functions, and activation of genes associated with cancer progression. Therefore, reversing DNA methylation patterns established during carcinogenesis constitutes a promising anti-cancer strategy. Interestingly, studies have indicated that certain dietary polyphenols, such as those from catechol and stilbenoid classes present in grapes, blueberries, and green tea, exert anti-cancer effects through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. A basis of evidence demonstrating the importance of DNA methylation in cancer formation and progression as well as the impact of catechol and stilbenoid compounds on these events are presented in this review. In vitro and in vivo evidence for the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of polyphenols through their influence on DNA methylation is discussed. Current mechanistic insights on the changes in DNA methylation machinery upon exposure to polyphenols are further emphasized. Such studies are ongoing and crucially needed for transition into application of polyphenols as agents in cancer prevention and/or treatment in the clinical setting.

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Abbreviations

AP-1:

Activator protein 1

APC:

Adenotamous polyposis coli

ATM:

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated

ATR:

Ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related protein

BRCA1:

Breast cancer 1

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

CHK1/2:

Checkpoint kinase 1/2

COMT:

Catechol-O-methyltransferase

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transtion

ER:

Estrogen receptor

EXOSC4:

Exosome component 4

GSTP1:

Glutathione S-transferase pi 1

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

IGF2:

Insulin-like growth factor 2

MAML2:

Mastermind-like transcriptional coactivator 2

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MBD2:

Methyl-CpG-binding domain 2

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MTHFR:

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

NENF:

Neuron-derived neurotrophic factor

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

OCT1:

Octamer-binding transcription factor 1

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PI3K/Akt:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

RASAL2:

Ras-GTPase-activating protein 2

RASSF-1α:

Ras association domain family member 1

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

RXRα:

Retinoid X receptor A

SAH:

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

SAM:

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

SENP6:

SUMO1/sentrin-specific peptidase 6

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator 3

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TRAMP:

Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate

TYMS:

Thymidylate synthase

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WBSCR22:

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 22

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Land and Food Systems, Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Megan Beetch & Barbara Stefanska

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  1. Megan Beetch
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  2. Barbara Stefanska
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Correspondence to Barbara Stefanska .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Beetch, M., Stefanska, B. (2019). DNA Methylation in Anti-cancer Effects of Dietary Catechols and Stilbenoids: An Overview of Underlying Mechanisms. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_104

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_104

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