Skip to main content

Composition and Chemistry of the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets: Venus, the Earth, Mars, and Titan

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 529 Accesses

Abstract

In spite of noticeable differences, the atmospheres of the rocky, icy, and gaseous planets of the Solar System share common physico-chemical processes which drive their thermal and cloud structure, their general circulation, and their global climate. These processes are described in the first part of this review. In the second part, we discuss the formation scenario of the terrestrial planets, the atmospheric composition, and chemistry of Venus, the Earth, and Mars. The atmosphere of Titan is described in a third part, with special emphasis on its analogy with the early Earth and its exobiological implications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   1,099.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   1,299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acuna MH, Connerney JEP, Wasilewski P et al (1998) Magnetic field and plasma observations at Mars: initial results of the Mars Global Surveyor mission. Science 279:1676–1680

    Google Scholar 

  • Bezard B, de Bergh C (2007) Composition of the atmosphere of Venus below the clouds. J Geophys Res 112:E4. CiteID E04S07

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bézard B, de Bergh C, Crisp D, Maillard J-P (1990) The deep atmosphere of Venus revealed by high-resolution night-side spectra. Nature 345:508–511

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bibring J-P, Langevin Y, Mustard JF et al (2006) Science 312:400–404

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Boynton WV, Feldman WC, Mitrofanov I et al (2002) Science 297:81–85

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson RW, Baines KH, Kamp L et al (1991) Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at Venus. Science 253:1541–1548

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Coustenis A (2014) Titan. In: Spohn T, Breuer D, Johnson T (eds) Encyclopedia of the Solar System, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Coustenis A, Encrenaz Th (2013) Life beyond earth: the search for habitable worlds in the universe. Cambridge University Press, New York. ISBN 9781107026179

    Google Scholar 

  • Coustenis A, Taylor FW (2008) Titan: exploring an earthlike world. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 330 pp

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Pater I, Lissauer JJ (2001) Planetary sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0521482194

    Google Scholar 

  • Drossart P, Rosenqvist J, Encrenaz T et al (1993) Earth global mosaic observations with NIMS-Galileo. Plan Space Sci 41:551–561

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulchignoni M, Ferri F, Angrilli F et al (2005) In situ measurements of the physical characteristics of Titan's environment. Nature 438:785–791

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith C, Owen T, Geballe TR, Miller G (1998) Transient clouds in Titan’s lower atmosphere. Nature 395:575–578

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanel RA, Conrath BJ, Jennings DE, Samuelson RE (2003) Exploration of the solar system by infrared remote sensing, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heller R, Armstrong J (2014) Superhabitable worlds. Astrobiology 14:50–66

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Iess L, Jacobson RA, Ducci M et al (2012) The tides of Titan. Science 337:457–459

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakosky B, Slipsky M, Benna M, Mahaffy P, Elrod M, Yelle R, Stone S, Alsaeed N (2017) Mars’ atmospheric history derived from upper-atmosphere measurements of 38Ar/36Ar. Science 355:1408–1410

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Kipping DM, Bakos GA, Buchhave L, Nesvorný D, Schmitt A (2012) The hunt for exomoons with Kepler (HEK). I. Description of a new observational project. Astrophys J 750(2):115, 19 pp

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lellouch E et al (2000) The 2.4-45 μm spectrum of Mars observed with the infrared space observatory. Planet Space Sci 48:1393–1405

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis JS (1997) Physics and chemistry of the solar system, revised edition. Academic, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  • Lissauer JJ, de Pater I (2013) Fundamental planetary science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mangold N, Baratoux D, Witasse O, Encrenaz T, Sotin C (2016) Mars: a small terrestrial planet. Astron Astrophys Rev 24:1–107. id.15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen T, Lutz BL, de Bergh C (1988) Science 240:1767–1770

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Porco CC, Baker E, Barbara J et al (2005) Imaging of Titan with the Cassini spacecraft. Nature 434:159–168

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Raulin F (2008) Planetary science: organic lakes on Titan. Nature 454(7204):587–589

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MD, Bougher S, Encrenaz T, Forget F, Kleinboehl A (2017) Thermal structure and composition. In: Haberle RM, Clancy RT, Forget F, Smith MD, Zurek RW (eds) The atmosphere and climate of Mars. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Smrekar SE, Stofan ER, Mueller R et al (2010) Science 328:605

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomasko M, Archinal B, Becker T et al (2005) Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe’s descent to Titan’s surface. Nature 438:765–778

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Zahn U, Kumar S, Niemann H, Prinn R (1983) Composition of the Venus atmosphere. In: Venus. University of Arizona Press, Tucson

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thérèse Encrenaz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Encrenaz, T., Coustenis, A. (2018). Composition and Chemistry of the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets: Venus, the Earth, Mars, and Titan. In: Deeg, H., Belmonte, J. (eds) Handbook of Exoplanets . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_45

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics