Abstract
An accurate clinical assessment is fundamental in patients affected by hemorrhoidal disease. It is based on the evaluation of patient’s history (concerning characteristics of bowel movements and other concomitant diseases), symptoms (including bleeding and prolapse, pain/discomfort, mucorrhea, pruritus, etc.), and physical examination. Instrumental examination should provide anoscopy and, when necessary or indicated, more extended endoscopy.
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Ratto, C., Parello, A., Litta, F., De Simone, V., Grossi, U. (2018). Clinical Assessment of Hemorrhoids. In: Ratto, C., Parello, A., Litta, F. (eds) Hemorrhoids. Coloproctology, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53357-5_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53357-5_5
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