Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Literature Data on the Hemorrhoidal Disease Management

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Book cover Hemorrhoids

Part of the book series: Coloproctology ((COLOPROCT,volume 2))

  • 979 Accesses

Abstract

Hemorrhoids are very common, with large proportion being asymptomatic and not requiring treatment. Wide variety of management options is available for those requiring or seeking treatment for symptom control. Comprehensive evidence relating to efficacies of multitude of treatment modalities are varied and can be lacking at times, and long-term results are limited. However, results from several meta-analysis and large multicenter randomized controlled trials in recent past could help as a guide in providing a pragmatic management algorithm for various stages of hemorrhoidal disease. The aim of this chapter is to present a comprehensive review of various treatment interventions and related evidence for management of hemorrhoidal disease.

In general, conservative management can be offered to all patients and may be adequate enough for grade I hemorrhoids. Grade II would likely benefit from a course of rubber band ligation (RBL) with the provision for a repeat RBL if required. Failure of treatment/refractory symptoms may justify interventions with hemorrhoidal dearterialization techniques. Grade III and IV hemorrhoids will most likely benefit from conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy, which despite its main drawback of postoperative pain, has benefits from proven long-term effectiveness and low recurrence rates. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy (SH) may be considered as a possible option in select cases of circumferential prolapsed hemorrhoids. The main benefit of SH is lower postoperative pain but is a less preferred approach due to higher long-term recurrence rate. The newer energy-based excision hemorrhoidal techniques using bipolar and ultrasonic scalpel has equivalent efficacy compared to conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy; however, increased equipment costs and lack of long-term efficacy data limits their recommendation and widespread adoption.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 419.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmad A, Kant R, Gupta A (2013) Comparative analysis of Doppler guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation (DG-HAL) & infrared coagulation (IRC) in management of hemorrhoids. Indian J Surg 75(4):274–277

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ala S, Saeedi M, Eshghi F (2008) Topical metronidazole can reduce pain after surgery and pain on defecation in postoperative hemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 51:235–238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt G, Heels-Ansdell D et al (2005) Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD004649

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonso-Coello P, Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D et al (2006a) Fiber for the treatment of hemorrhoids complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 101(1):181–188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso-Coello P, Zhou Q, Martinez-Zapata MJ et al (2006b) Meta-analysis of flavonoids for the treatment of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 93:909–920

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amoli HA, Notash AY, Shahandashti FJ, Kenari AY, Ashraf H (2011) A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of topical diltiazem on posthaemorrhoidectomy pain. Color Dis 13:328–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02138.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ba-bai-ke-re MM, Huang HG, Re WN et al (2011) How we can improve patients’ comfort after Milligan-Morgan open haemorrhoidectomy. World J Gastroenterol 17:1448–1456

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatti MI, Sajid MS, Baig MK (2016) Milligan-Morgan (open) versus Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy (closed): a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized, controlled trials. World J Surg 40(6):1509–1519

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bleday R, Pena JP, Rothenberger DA, Goldberg SM, Buls JG (1992) Symptomatic hemorrhoids: current incidence and complications of operative therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 35(5):477–481

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown S, Tiernan J, Biggs K et al (2016a) The HubBLe Trial: haemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL) versus rubber band ligation (RBL) for symptomatic second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: a multicentre randomised controlled trial and health-economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 20:88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown S, Tiernan J, Biggs K, Hind D, Shephard N, Bradburn M, Wailoo A, Alshreef A, Swaby L, Watson A, Radley S, Jones O, Skaife P, Agarwal A, Giordano P, Lamah M, Cartmell M, Davies J, Faiz O, Nugent K, Clarke A, MacDonald A, Conaghan P, Ziprin P, Makhija R (2016b) The HubBLe Trial: haemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL) versus rubber band ligation (RBL) for symptomatic second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: a multicentre randomised controlled trial and health-economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 20(88):1–150

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Buchmann P, Seefeld U (1989) Rubber band ligation for piles can be disastrous in HIV-positive patients. Int J Color Dis 4:57–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carapeti EA, Kamm MA, McDonald PJ (1998) Double-blind randomised controlled trial of effect of metronidazole on pain after day-case haemorrhoidectomy. Lancet 351:169–172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerera N, Liolitsa D, Iype S et al (2012) Phlebotonics for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD004322

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceulemans R, Creve U, Van Hee R, Martens C, Wuyts FL (2000) Benefit of emergency haemorrhoidectomy: a comparison with results after elective operations. Eur J Surg 166(10):808–812.; discussion 813. https://doi.org/10.1080/110241500447452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen HL, Woo XB, Cui J, Chen CQ, Peng JS (2014) Ligasure versus stapled hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of hemorrhoids: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 24:285–289

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng FC, Shum DW, Ong GB (1981) The treatment of second degree haemorrhoids by injection, rubber band ligation, maximal anal dilatation, and haemorrhoidectomy: a prospective clinical trial. Aust N Z J Surg 51:458–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1981.tb05985.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark CG, Giles GR, Goligher JC (1967) Results of conservative management of internal haemorrhoids. Br Med J 2:12–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Nardi P, Capretti G, Corsaro A, Staudacher C (2014) A prospective, randomized trial comparing the short- and long-term results of Doppler-guided transanal hemorrhoid dearterialization with mucopexy versus excision hemorrhoidectomy for grade III hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 57(3):348–353

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denoya PI, Fakhoury M, Chang K, Fakhoury J, Bergamaschi R (2013) Dearterialization with mucopexy versus haemorrhoidectomy for grade III or IV haemorrhoids: short-term results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Color Dis 15(10):1281–1288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitroulopoulos D, Tsamakidis K, Xinopoulos D, Karaitianos I, Fotopoulou A, Paraskevas E (2005) Prospective, randomized, controlled, observer-blinded trial of combined infrared photocoagulation and micronized purified flavonoid fraction versus each alone for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Clin Ther 27(6):746–754

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elmér SE, Nygren JO, Lenander CE (2013) A randomized trial of transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with anopexy compared with open hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 56(4):484–490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erzurumlu K, Karabulut K, Özbalcı GS, Tarım İA, Lap G, Güngör B (2017) The Whitehead operation procedure: is it a useful technique? Turk J Surg 33(3):190–194

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa DJ (2000) Analytical review of multicenter studies with polycresulene for hemorrhoidal pathologies. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 30:177–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eu KW, Seow-Choen F, Goh HS (1994) Comparison of emergency and elective haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 81:308–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800810255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganio E, Altomare DF, Milito G, Gabrielli F, Canuti S (2007) Long-term outcome of a multicentre randomized clinical trial of stapled haemorrhoidopexy versus Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 94:1033–1037. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.5677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano P, Gravante G, Sorge R, Ovens L, Nastro P (2009a) Long-term outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidopexy vs conventional hemorrhoidectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg 144:266–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano P, Overton J, Madeddu F, Zaman S, Gravante G (2009b) Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum 52(9):1665–1671

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gravié JF, Lehur PA, Huten N et al (2005) Stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial with 2-year postoperative follow up. Ann Surg 242(1):29–35

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta PJ (2003) Infrared coagulation versus rubber band ligation in early stage hemorrhoids. Braz J Med Biol Res 36(10):1433–1439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho YH, Buettner PG (2007) Open compared with closed haemorrhoidectomy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tech Coloproctol 11:135–143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho YH, Foo CL, Seow-Choen F et al (1995) Prospective randomized controlled trial of a micronized flavonoid fraction to reduce bleeding after haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 82:1034–1035

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff SD, Bailey HR, Butts DR et al (1994) Ambulatory surgical hemorrhoidectomy – a solution to postoperative urinary retention? Dis Colon Rectum 37(12):1242–1244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibanez L, Ballarin E, Vidal X et al (2000) Agranulocytosis associated with calcium dobesilate clinical course and risk estimation with the case-control and the case-population approaches. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 56:763–767

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iyer VS, Shrier I, Gordon PH (2004) Long-term outcome of rubber band ligation for symptomatic primary and recurrent internal hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 47:1364–1370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraman S, Colquhoun PH, Malthaner RA (2006) Stapled versus conventional surgery for hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD005393

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A (1990) The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation. An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology 98(2):380–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanellos I, Goulimaris I, Vakalis I et al (2000) Long-term evaluation of sclerotherapy for haemorrhoids. A prospective study. Int J Surg Investig 2:295–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karanlik H, Akturk R, Camlica H, Asoglu O (2009) The effect of glyceryl trinitrate ointment on posthemorrhoidectomy pain and wound healing: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dis Colon Rectum 52:280–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/DCR.0b013e31819c98a7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy JS, Stranahan PL, Taylor KD, Chandler JG (1998) High-burst-strength, feedback-controlled bipolar vessel sealing. Surg Endosc 12:876–878

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khubchandani IT (1983) A randomized comparison of single and multiple rubber band ligations. Dis Colon Rectum 26:705–708

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Torre F, Nicolai AP (2004) Clinical use of micronized purified flavonoid fraction for treatment of symptoms after hemorrhoidectomy: results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum 47:704–710

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lan P, Wu X, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhang L (2006) The safety and efficacy of stapled hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ten randomized control trials. Int J Color Dis 21:172–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laughlan K, Jayne DG, Jackson D, Rupprecht F, Ribaric G (2009) Stapled haemorrhoidopexy compared to Milligan–Morgan and Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy: a systematic review. Int J Color Dis 24:335–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KC, Chen HH, Chung KC, Hu WH, Chang CL, Lin SE et al (2013) Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes for stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus LigaSure™ hemorrhoidectomy for symptomatic hemorrhoids in adults. Int J Surg 11:914–918

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehur PA, Didnée AS, Faucheron JL, Meurette G, Zerbib P, Siproudhis L, Vinson-Bonnet B, Dubois A, Casa C, Hardouin JB, Durand-Zaleski I, LigaLongo Study Group (2016) Cost-effectiveness of new surgical treatments for hemorrhoidal disease: a multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing transanal Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation with mucopexy and circular stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Ann Surg 264:710–716

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • London NJ, Bramley PD, Windle R (1987) Effect of four days of preoperative lactulose on posthaemorrhoidectomy pain: results of placebo controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 295:363–364. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6594.363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lumb KJ, Colquhoun PH, Malthaner R, Jayaraman S (2006) Stapled versus conventional surgery for hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD005393. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005393.pub2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacRae HM, McLeod RS (1995) Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatment modalities. A meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 38:687–694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mann CV (2002) Injection sclerotherapy. In: Mann CV (ed) The surgical management of haemorrhoids. Springer, London

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marques CFS, Nahas SC, Nahas CSR, Sobrado CW Jr, Habr-Gama A et al (2006) Early results of the treatment of internal hemorrhoid disease by infrared coagulation and elastic banding: a prospective randomized cross-over trial. Tech Coloproctol 10(4):312–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mastakov MY, Buettner PG, Ho YH (2008) Updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing conventional excisional haemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure™ for haemorrhoids. Tech Coloproctol 12:229–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Menteş BB, Görgül A, Tatlicioğlu E et al (2001) Efficacy of calcium dobesilate in treating acute attacks of hemorrhoidal disease. Dis Colon Rectum 44:1489–1495

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milito G, Cadeddu F, Muzi MG, Nigro C, Farinon AM (2010) Haemorrhoidectomy with Ligasure vs conventional excisional techniques: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Color Dis 12:85–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller CE, Amaral JF (1994) Harmonic scalpel – pros and cons! Fertil Steril 62:1094–1095

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milligan ETC, Naunton Morgan C, Jones LE et al (1937) Surgical anatomy of the anal canal, and the operative treatment of haemorrhoids. Lancet 2:1119–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)88465-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morandi E, Merlini D, Salvaggio A, Foschi D, Trabucchi E (1999) Prospective study of healing time after hemorrhoidectomy: influence of HIV infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and anal wound infection. Dis Colon Rectum 42(9):1140–1144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mukhashavria GA, Qarabaki MA (2011) Circumferential excisional hemorrhoidectomy for extensive acute thrombosis: a 14-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum 54:1162–1169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mushaya CD, Caleo PJ, Bartlett L, Buettner PG, Ho YH (2014) Harmonic scalpel compared with conventional excisional haemorrhoidectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tech Coloproctol 18:1009–1116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson TJ, Armstrong D (2004) Topical metronidazole (10 percent) decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain and improves healing. Dis Colon Rectum 47:711–716

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nienhuijs S, de Hingh I (2009) Conventional versus LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy for patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD006761. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006761.pub2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nienhuijs SW, de Hingh IH (2010) Pain after conventional versus Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy. A meta-analysis. Int J Surg 8:269–273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nisar PJ, Acheson AG, Neal KR, Scholefield JH (2004) Stapled hemorrhoidopexy compared with conventional hemorrhoidectomy: systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Dis Colon Rectum 47:1837–1845

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nyström P-O, Qvist N, Raahave D et al (2010) Randomized clinical trial of symptom control after stapled anopexy or diathermy excision for haemorrhoid prolapse. Br J Surg 97:167–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6804

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poskus T, Buzinskien D, Drasutiene G, Samalavicius NE, Barkus A, Barisauskiene A, Tutkuviene J, Sakalauskaite I, Drasutis J, Jasulaitis A, Jakaitiene A (2014) Haemorrhoids and anal fissures during pregnancy and after childbirth: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 121:1666–1672. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12838

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riss S, Weiser FA, Riss T, Schwameis K, Mittlböck M, Stift A (2011) Haemorrhoids and quality of life. Color Dis 13:e48–e52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463–1318.2010.02480.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowsell M, Bello M, Hemingway DM (2000) Circumferential mucosectomy (stapled haemorrhoidectomy) versus conventional haemorrhoidectomy: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 355:779–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)06122-X

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scaglia M, Delaini GG, Destefano I et al (2001) Injection treatment of hemorrhoids in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 44:401–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Senapati A, Nicholls RJ (1988) A randomised trial to compare the results of injection sclerotherapy with a bulk laxative alone in the treatment of bleeding haemorrhoids. Int J Color Dis 3:124–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafik A (1993) Role of warm-waterbath in anorectal conditions. The “thermosphincteric reflex”. J Clin Gastroenterol 16:304–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shafik A (2009) Surgical anatomy of hemorrhoids. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. Springer, London, pp 7–13

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugam V, Hakeem A, Campbell KL, Rabindranath KS, Steele RJC, Thaha MA, Loudon MA (2005) Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD005034. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005034.pub2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shao WJ, Li GC, Zhang ZH, Yang BL, Sun GD, Chen YQ (2008) Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing stapled haemorrhoidopexy with conventional haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 95:147–160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simillis C, Thoukididou SN, Slesser AAP, Rasheed S, Tan E, Tekkis PP (2015) Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing clinical outcomes and effectiveness of surgical treatments for haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 102:1603–1618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solorio-López S, Palomares-Chacón UR, Guerrero-Tarín JE (2015) Efficacy of metronidazole versus placebo in pain control after hemorrhoidectomy. Results of a controlled clinical trial. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 107:681–685

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tan EK, Cornish J, Darzi AW, Papagrigoriadis S, Tekkis PP (2007) Meta-analysis of short-term outcomes of randomized controlled trials of LigaSure™ vs conventional hemorrhoidectomy. Arch Surg 142:1209–1218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tejirian T, Abbas MA (2005) Sitz bath: where is the evidence? Scientific basis of a common practice. Dis Colon Rectum 48:2336–2340

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton JL, Spence RA, Kennedy TL, Parks TG, Mackenzie G, Hanna WA (1983) Comparison of infrared coagulation and rubber band ligation for first and second degree haemorrhoids: a randomised prospective clinical trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 286:1387–1389. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.286.6375.1387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thaha MA, Campbell KL, Kazmi SA et al (2009) Prospective randomised multi-centre trial comparing the clinical efficacy, safety and patient acceptability of circular stapled anopexy with closed diathermy haemorrhoidectomy. Gut 58:668–678. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.151266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson WH (1975) The nature of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 62(7):542–552

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tjandra JJ, Chan MK (2007) Systematic review on the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (stapled hemorrhoidopexy). Dis Colon Rectum 50:878–892

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tjandra JJ, Tan JJY, Lim JF et al (2006) Rectogesic (glyceryltrinitrate 0.2%) ointment relieves symptoms of haemorrhoids associated with high resting anal canal pressures. Color Dis 9:457–463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson AJ, Hudson J, Wood J, Kilonzo M, Brown S, McDonald A, Norrie J, Bruhn H, Cook JA, eTHoS Study Group (2016) Comparison of stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease (eTHoS): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 388:2375–2385

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Watson AJ, Cook J, Hudson J, Kilonzo M, Wood J, Bruhn H, Brown S, Buckley B, Curran F, Jayne D, Loudon M, Rajagopal R, McDonald A, Norrie J (2017) A pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease: the eTHoS study. Health Technol Assess 21(70):1–224

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wexner SD, Smithy WB, Milsom JW, Dailey TH (1986) The surgical management of anorectal diseases in AIDS and pre-AIDS patients. Dis Colon Rectum 29(11):719–723

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff BG, Culp CE (1988) The whitehead hemorrhoidectomy. An unjustly maligned procedure. Dis Colon Rectum 31:587–590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Cui PJ, Han HZ, Tong DN (2013) Meta-analysis of stapled hemorrhoidopexy vs LigaSure™ hemorrhoidectomy. World J Gastroenterol 19:4799–5807

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zapater P, Horga JF, García A (2003) Risk of drug-induced agranulocytosis: the case of calcium dobesilate. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 58:767–772

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

    Ronnie Mathew

  2. Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

    Lionel Chen

  3. Colorectal Clinical Associates, Singapore, Singapore

    Mark Wong

Authors
  1. Ronnie Mathew
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lionel Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mark Wong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ronnie Mathew .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Proctology Unit, University Hospital “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

    Carlo Ratto

  2. Proctology Unit, University Hospital “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

    Angelo Parello

  3. Proctology Unit, University Hospital “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Litta

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Mathew, R., Chen, L., Wong, M. (2018). Literature Data on the Hemorrhoidal Disease Management. In: Ratto, C., Parello, A., Litta, F. (eds) Hemorrhoids. Coloproctology, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53357-5_45

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53357-5_45

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53356-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53357-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation