Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate young children’s perspectives of nature while exploring a deciduous forest as an extension of their early childhood classroom in a University Lab School. This work was framed theoretically on the premise of ethical listening and doing curriculum and research with children in efforts to gain a phenomenological understanding of children’s prereflective and reflective experiences of nature. Children’s prereflective and reflective experiences were captured through methods adapted from the Mosaic Approach and video methodology as part of a dissertation research project. Children spent a minimum of 2 h per week in a natural environment with their teachers over the course of a school year. Key findings highlight how children’s extended nature experiences led them to conceptualize how they can be (in) nature, that they can manipulate nature, resources in a natural space, and how they are nature themselves. Significant Life Experience (SLE) literature is drawn upon to show implications for early childhood practice and research with children.
References
Campbell, C., & Jobling, W. (2012). Science in early childhood. Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press.
Carr, M. (2000). Seeking children’s perspectives about their learning. In A. Smith, N. J. Taylor, & M. Gollop (Eds.), Children's voices: Research, policy and practice (pp. 37–55). Auckland, New Zealand: Pearson Education.
Chawla, L. (1998). Significant life experiences revisited: A review of research on sources of environmental sensitivity. The Journal of Environmental Education, 29(3), 11–21.
Chawla, L. (1999). Life paths into effective environmental action. The Journal of Environmental Education, 31(1), 15–26.
Chawla, L. (2007). Childhood experiences associated with care for the natural world: A theoretical framework for empirical results. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(4), 144–170.
Chawla, L., & Cushing, D. F. (2007). Education for strategic environmental behaviour. Environmental Education Research, 13(4), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701581539
Clark, A. (2004). The Mosaic Approach and research with young children. In L. Vicky, K. Mary, R. Chris, F. Sandy, & D. Sharon (Eds.), The Reality of Research with Children and Young People (pp. 142–161). London, UK: Sage.
Clark, A. (2007). A hundred ways of listening. Young Children, 62, 76–81. NAEYC.
Clark, A., & Moss, P. (2005). Spaces to play: more listening to young children using the Mosaic approach. London, England: National Children’s Bureau.
Clark, A., & Moss, P. (2008). Listening to young children: The mosaic approach. London, England: National Children’s Bureau.
Clark, A., & Moss, P. (2011). Listening to young children: The mosaic approach. London, England: NCB.
Dahlberg, G., & Moss, P. (2005). Ethics and politics in early childhood education. Oxfordshire, UK/New York, NY: Routledge.
Dahlberg, G., Moss, P., & Pence, A. (2007). Beyond quality in early childhood education and care: Postmodern perspectives (2nd ed.). London, England: Falmer Press.
Davies, B. (2014). Listening to children: Being and becoming. Oxfordshire, UK/New York, NY: Routledge.
Dockett, S., Einardottir, J., & Perry, B. (2009). Researching with children: Ethical tensions. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 7(3), 283–298.
Einarsdóttir, J. (2007). Research with children: Methodological and ethical challenges. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 15(2), 197–211.
Farrell, A. (2005). New possibilities for ethical research with children. In A. Farrell (Ed.), Ethical research with children (pp. 176–178). New York, NY: Maidenhead.
Finlay, L. (2008). A dance between the reduction and reflexivity: Explicating the “phenomenological psychological attitude”. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 39, 1–32.
Hacking, E. B., Cutter-McKenzie, A., & Barratt, R. (2013). Children as active researchers: The potential of environmental education research involving children. In The handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 434–454). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Kellert, S. R. (2002). Experiencing nature: Affective, cognitive, and evaluative development in children. In P. Kahn & S. Kellert (Eds.), Children and nature: Psychological, sociocultural and evolutionary investigations (pp. 117–152). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kernan, M., & Devine, D. (2010). Being confined within? Constructions of the good childhood and outdoor play in early childhood education and care settings in Ireland. Children & Society, 24, 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2009.00249.x
Kollmus, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401
Laird, S., McFarland-Piazza, L., & Allen, A. (2014). Young children’s opportunities for unstructured environmental exploration of nature: Links to adults’ experiences in childhood. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 2(1). NAEYC.
Lenz Taguchi, H. (2009). Going beyond the theory/practice divide in early childhood education: Introducing an intra-active pedagogy. New York, NY: Routledge.
MacNaughton, G. (2003). Shaping early childhood: Learners, curriculum and contexts. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
Mannion, G. (2007). Going spatial, going relational; why “listening to children” and children’s participation needs reframing. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 28(3), 405–420.
Mawson, B. (2014). Experiencing the ‘wild woods’: The impact of pedagogy on children’s experience of a natural environment. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 22(4), 513–524.
Merewether, J., & Fleet, A. (2013). Seeking children's perspectives: A respectful layered research approach. Early Child Development and Care., 184, 897. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2013.829821
Moss, P., & Petrie, P. (2002). From Children’s services to Children’s spaces. London, England: Routledge Falmer.
Nedovic, S., & Morrissey, A. M. (2013). Calm, active and focused: Children’s responses to an organic outdoor learning environment. Learning Environments Research, 16, 281–295.
O’Brien, L. (2009). Learning outdoors: The forest school approach. Education, 37(1), 45–60.
Pramling Samuelsson, I. & Johansson, E. (2009). Why do children involve teachers in their play and learning? European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 17(1), 77–94.
Rinaldi, C. (2006). In dialogue with Reggio Emilia: Listening, researching, and learning. New York, NY: Routledge.
Samuelsson, I. P., & Johansson, E. (2009). Why do children involve teachers in their play and learning? European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 17(1), 77–94.
Sellers, M. (2013). Young children becoming curriculum: Deleuze, Te Whariki and curricular understandings. New York, NY: Routledge.
Smith, J., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretive phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sobel, D. (2008). Childhood and nature: Design principles for educators. Portland, ME: Stenhouse.
Sobel, D. (2012). Look, don’t touch–The problem with environmental education. Great Barrington, MA: Orion.
Staempfli, M. B. (2009). Reintroducing adventure into children’s outdoor play environments. Environment and Behavior, 41(2), 268–280.
Tanner, T. (1980). Significant life experiences: A new research area in environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education, 11(4), 20–24.
Tovey, H. (2007). Playing outdoors: Spaces and places, risk and challenge. Maidenhead, UK: McGraw Hill.
van Manen, M. (1984). Practicing phenomenological writing. Phenomenology + Pedagogy, 2(1), 36–69.
van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for action sensitive pedagogy. New York, NY: SUNY Press.
van Manen, M. (2014). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Waller, T. (2006). “Don’t come too close to my Octopus tree”: Recording and evaluating young children’s perspectives on outdoor learning. Children, Youth and Environments, 16(2), 75–104.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Porto, A.F., Kroeger, J. (2018). Phenomenology with Children: My Salamander Brother. In: Cutter-Mackenzie, A., Malone, K., Barratt Hacking, E. (eds) Research Handbook on Childhoodnature . Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51949-4_51-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51949-4_51-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51949-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51949-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education