Definition
The terms deck, porch, and patio in general define an outdoor area that is covered or partially enclosed by one or a combination of surfacing, landings, stairs, roofing, and/or railing (such as handrails). Some or all of these elements can be combustible. For the purposes of this document, these elements will be generally referred to as external attachments.
Introduction
House Ignition Likelihood at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) is influenced by a wide range of factors including house design, construction materials used, proximal combustible elements, combustible attachments, and the environmental conditions during the fire event (Blanchi and Leonard 2008).
A house is considered lost once its contents have ignited and fire spreads through the house interior (Cohen 2000b; Quarles and Standohar-Alfano 2017; Ramsay et al. 1996). The processes that can lead to house ignition involve one or a number...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Blanchi R, Leonard J (2008) Property safety: judging structural safety. In: Handmer, Haynes (eds) Community bushfire safety. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp 77–85
Bowditch PA, Sargeant A, Leonard J, Macindoe L (2006) Window and glazing exposure to laboratory-simulated bushfires, Bushfire CRC report. CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Highett
Cohen JD (2000a) Examination of the Home Destruction in Los Alamos Associated with the Cerro Grande Fire July 10, 2000. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula
Cohen JD (2000b) Preventing disaster. J For 98(3):15. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=55322153&sid=1&Fmt=1&clientId=82754&RQT=309&VName=PQD
Cohen JD (2008) The wildland-urban interface fire problem. A consequence of the fire exclusion paradigm. For Hist Today 20–26
Commission California Building Standards (2016) 2016 California fire code. California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9
Dowling VP (1994) Ignition of timber bridges in bushfires. Fire Saf J 22(2):145–168. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V37-481DSVT-6M/2/d6e0d0216e717a7bbf236b99d350dae7
Gill AM, Stephens SL (2009) Scientific and social challenges for the management of fire-prone wildland–urban interfaces. Environ Res Lett 4(3):034014. Retrieved from http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/4/i=3/a=034014?key=crossref.f215ef474a7752fe6bec32a7cf20f247
Hasburgh LE, Stone DS, Zelinka SL (2017) Laboratory investigation of fire transfer from exterior wood decks to buildings in the wildland–urban Interface. Fire Technol 53(2):517–534. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10694-016-0588-0
International Code Council (2018) 2018 international wildland urban interface code. Retrieved from https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IWUIC2018
Leonard J, Blanchi R (2005) Investigation of bushfire attack mechanisms involved in house loss in the ACT Bushfire 2003. CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Highett
Leonard J, Bowditch P (2003) Findings of studies of houses damaged by bushfire in Australia. 3rd International Wildland Fire Conference. Sydney, 3–6 Oct 2003
Leonard J, Potter M (2006) Spray system design for ember attack. CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Highett
Leonard J, Blanchi R, Bowditch P (2004) Bushfire impact from a house’s perspective. In: Bushfire 2004 – Earth, wind and fire. Adelaide
Leonard J, Blanchi R, Leicester R, Lipkin F, Newnham G, Siggins A, Opie K, Culvenor B, Cechet B, Corby N, Thomas C, Habili N, Jakab M, Coghlan R, Lorenzin G, Campbell D, Barwick M (2009) Building and land use planning research after the 7th February 2009 Victorian bushfires. In: Preliminary findings, Bushfire CRC, Melbourne: Interim report USP2008/018 – CAF122-2-12. Retrieved from http://www.bushfirecrc.com/managed/resource/bushfire-crc-victorian-fires-research-taskforce-final-report.pdf
Leonard JE, Opie K, Blanchi R, Newnham G, Holland M (2016) Wye River/Separation Creek Post-bushfire building survey findings. Retrieved from http://wyesepconnect.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Wye-River-Separation-Creek-final-V1-1.pdf
Macindoe L (2006) Measuring ember attack on timber deck-joist connections using the mass loss cone calorimeter and methenamine as the ignition source, CSIRO report CMIT-2006-190. Bushfire CRC, Melbourne
Macindoe L, Leonard J (2011) Moisture content in timber decking exposed to bushfire weather conditions. Fire Mat 36(1):49–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.1085
Macindoe L, Sargeant AJ, Bowditch PA, Leonard J (2007) Fire tests at the interface between timber decks and exterior walls. CSIRO Manufacturing & Materials Technology, Highett
Macindoe L, Mikaelsson J, Leonard J (2008) Measurements of moisture content in decking timbers exposed to Bushfire weather conditions. CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Highett
Manzello S, Suzuki S (2014) Exposing decking assemblies to continuous wind-driven firebrand showers. Fire Saf Sci 11:1339–1352. Retrieved from http://www.iafss.org/publications/fss/11/1339
Manzello SL, Suzuki S (2017) Experimental investigation of wood decking assemblies exposed to firebrand showers. Fire Saf J 92:122–131. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28890598
Manzello SL, Park S-H, Cleary TG (2009) Investigation on the ability of glowing firebrands deposited within crevices to ignite common building materials. Fire Saf J 44(6):894–900. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V37-4WH0JRY-2/2/c93bb86ccb5fc7607bd857e767b0fb45
Maranghides A, McNamara D, Vihnanek R, Restaino J, Leland C (2015) A case study of a community affected by the Waldo fire – event timeline and defensive actions. NIST Technical Note 1910, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce
McArthur NA, Lutton P (1991) Ignition of exterior building details in bushfires: an experimental study. Fire Mater 15(2):59–64. Retrieved from. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.810150204
Quarles S, Standohar-Alfano C (2017) Ignition potential of decks subjected to an ember exposure. Retrieved from http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Deck-Ember-Testing-Report-2017_IBHS.pdf
Ramsay GC, McArthur NA (1995) Building in the urban interface: lessons from the January 1994 Sydney bushfires. Bushfire ‘95 Conference, September 1995. Hobart
Ramsay GC, McArthur NA, Dowling VP (1987) Preliminary results from an examination of house survival in the 16 February 1983 bushfires in Australia. Fire Mater 11:49–51
Ramsay, G. C., McArthur, N. A., Dowling, V. P. (1994). Planning in fire-prone areas: building survival. Tohver, Bushfire! Looking to the future: papers from the nature conservation council of NSW seminar, June 1994 142–150). Sydney: Envirobook Publishing
Ramsay GC, McArthur NA, Dowling VP (1996) Building in a fire-prone environment: research on building survival in two major bushfires. Proc Linn Soc NSW 116:133–140
Standard N (2014) Steel framed construction in bushfire areas. National Association of Steel-Framed Housing, Melbourne, Australia
Standards Association of Australia (2018) AS3959 - Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas. Standards Australia, Sydney
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Crown
About this entry
Cite this entry
Leonard, J. (2019). Decks, Porches, and Patios. In: Manzello, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_108-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_108-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51727-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51727-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering