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Bioremediation of Marine Oil Spills

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Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Biodegradation and Bioremediation

Part of the book series: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ((HHLM))

Abstract

Spills of crude and fuel oils from tankers, freighters, pipelines, wells, and storage facilities into the marine environment capture the public’s attention and demand prompt and environmentally sensitive response technologies. Sometimes it is possible to contain the oil with booms and collect it with skimmers or burn it, but in many cases this is impractical, and aiding natural attenuation (largely by microbial biodegradation) is all that can be done without causing further environmental damage. One approach, biostimulation, is to at least partially alleviate those factors slowing the growth of indigenous oil-degrading microbes. While an oil slick is floating or emerging from a wellhead, this can be done by spraying dispersants to encourage the oil to disperse as tiny droplets in the water column, dramatically enhancing the surface area for microbial colonization. If oil reaches a shoreline, biodegradation can be stimulated by carefully delivering biologically available nitrogen and phosphorus to at least partially reduce their limitation on microbial growth. These approaches of biostimulation have been successfully employed many times. The other tactic, bioaugmentation, aiming to add exogenous microbes in the hope that they will “jump-start” biodegradation has yet to be shown to be effective in real oil-spill situations and likely is unnecessary given the ubiquitous distribution of oil-degrading bacteria in the sea.

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  1. ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA

    Roger C. Prince

  2. Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Ronald M. Atlas

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    Robert J. Steffan

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Prince, R.C., Atlas, R.M. (2019). Bioremediation of Marine Oil Spills. In: Steffan, R. (eds) Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Biodegradation and Bioremediation. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50433-9_13

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