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Nanoscale Clay Minerals for Functional Ecomaterials: Fabrication, Applications, and Future Trends

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Ecomaterials

Abstract

As the “from nature, for nature, and into nature” idea increasingly becomes popular, the naturally available nanomaterials have been especially concerned due to being safe, low-cost, sustainable, and harmless to human health and the ecological environment. Nanoscale clay minerals composed of safe Si, O, Al, and Mg elements are the broad class of naturally abundant inorganic materials, which have unique structure and diverse morphologies such as nanorods, nanofiber, nanotubes and nanosheets, special physicochemical properties, and ecofriendly advantages. The application of modern nanotechnology can disassociate or strip the clay minerals as nanosize units to produce silicate nanomaterials that have been honored as the materials of “greening twenty-first-century material world.” Compared with the artificial nanomaterials, natural nanomateirals are enjoying a surge in interest as the “building blocks” of high-performance functional materials, and they help improve the quality of the product, economize on the cost, and repair the polluted environment.

This chapter comprehensively expounds the structure, morphology, and physicochemical features of different types of clay minerals including palygorskite, sepiolite, halloysite, imogolite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, mica, vermiculite, chlorite, rectorite, and illite/smectite clay, as well as their applications as “green” components to fabricate functional ecomaterials. In addition, this chapter reports recent advances in the nanoscale dispersion, modifications, and nanocomposite techniques for the development of new functional materials. The future development trends of clay mineral-based functional materials and their potential applications in advanced functional materials were discussed in general by drawing from the scientific literatures. This chapter would arouse more attention for their applications in greening functional materials.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Acrylic acid

AAm-AMPS/MMT:

Poly(acrylamide(AAm)-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)/montmorillonite

Alginate-g-PAMPS/MMT:

Alginate-g-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid/Na+ montmorillonite(MMT)

AMPS:

2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)

APT:

Attapulgite

ATP/P(AA-co-AM):

Attapulgite/poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)

ATP/PAA:

Attapulgite/poly(acrylic acid)

BCB:

Brilliant cresyl blue

CMC-g-PAA/APT:

Carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite

CMC-g-PAA/MS:

Carboxymethylcellulose-g-poly(sodium acrylate)/medical stone

CMC-g-PAA/REC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid)/rectorite

CMC-g–PNaA/APT:

Carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(sodium acrylate)/attapulgite

CMC-g-poly(AA-co-AM-co-AMPS)/MMT:

Carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide(AM)/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid/montmorillonite

CMWS-g-PAA/APT:

Wheat straw-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite

COBDS:

Cyclo(4, 4-oxybis(benzene)disulfide) oligomers

COL-g-PAA-co-AM/MMT:

Collagen-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide)/sodium montmorillonite

CTS-g-AA–IA/APT:

Chitosan–graft-poly(acrylic acid–co-itaconic acid/attapulgite

CTS-g-PAA/APT:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite

CTS-g-PAA/BT:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/biotite

CTS-g-PAA/kaolin:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/kaolin

CTS-g-PAA/MMT:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite

CTS-g-PAA/NONT:

Chitosan-graft-poly(acrylic acid)/nontronite

CTS-g-PAA/OREC:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-Rectorite

CTS-g-PAA/REC:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/rectorite

CTS-g-PAA/UVMT:

Chitosan-graf-poly(acrylic acid)/unexpanded vermiculite

CTS-g-PAA/VMT:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/vermiculite

CTS-g-PAAm/MMT:

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylamide)/montmorillonite

CTS-g-PMAA/Bent:

Poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/bentonite

CV:

Crystal violet

Dextrin-graft-AA/Na-MMT:

Dextrin-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite

GG-g-P(NaA-co-St)/APT:

Guar gum-graftpoly(sodium acrylate-co-styrene)/attapulgite

GG-g-P(NaA-co-St)/MVT:

Guar gum-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co-styrene)/muscovite

GG-g-PAA/cloisite:

Guar gum-g-poly(sodiu macrylate)/cloisite

GG-g-PAA/MS:

Guar gum-g-poly(sodium acrylate)/medicinal stone

GG-g-PNaA/CTA+-REC:

Guar gum-graft-poly(sodium acrylate)/organified rectorite

HEC-g-PAA/diatomite:

Hydroxyethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)/diatomite

HEC-g-PAA/MS:

Hydroxyethyl cellulose-graft-poly(sodium acrylate)/medicinal stone

HEC-g-PAA/VMT:

Hydroxyethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)/vermiculite

HVMT:

HCl-modified VMT

kC-g-PAA/Celite:

κ-Carrageenan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/celite

LCL-g-PAA/MMT:

Lignocellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite

MB:

Methylene blue

MBA:

N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide

MG:

Malachite green

MV:

Methyl violet

NaAlg-g-p(AA-co-St)/I/S:

Sodium alginate-g-poly(sodium acrylate-costyrene)/illite/smectite mixed-layer clays

NaAlg-g-p(AA-co-St)/organo-I/S:

Sodium alginate-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co-styrene)/ illite/smectite clay

NaAlg-g-PAA/KAO:

Alginate-g-poly(sodium acrylate)/kaolin

NaAlg-g-PAA/O-loess:

Sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-loess

NaAlg-g-PNaA/APT:

Sodium alginate-g-poly(sodium acrylate)/attapulgite

NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm)/MMT:

Sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/montmorillonite

NaAlg-g-poly(NaA-co-NaSS)/APT:

Sodium alginate-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co-sodium p-styrenesulfonate)/attapulgite

NaAlg-g-poly(NaA-co-St)/APT:

Sodium alginate-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co-styrene/attapulgite

NH4 +-N:

Ammonium nitrogen

NVMT:

Na-exchangeable vermiculite

OB-Fe3O4 PSA:

Organo-bentonite-Fe3O4 poly(sodiumacrylate)

Org-ATP/PAA:

Organified attapulgite/poly(acrylic acid)

OVMT:

Organo-vermiculite

P(AA-co-AM)/MMT/SH:

poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/montmorillonite/sodium humate

P(AA-co-AMPS)/APT:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/APT

PAA/APT:

Poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite

PAA/APT/SH:

Poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite/sodium humate

PAA/BT:

Poly(acrylic acid)/biotite

PAA/BT:

Poly(sodium acrylate)/bentonite

PAA/CMC-mMMT:

Polyacrylate/(carboxymethylcellulose modified montmorillonite)

PAA/DTM:

Poly(acrylic acid)/diatomite

PAA/IMMT:

Poly(acrylic acid)/intercalated montmorillonite

PAA/MMT:

Poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite

PAA/ST:

Poly(sodium acrylate)/sepiolite

PAA/TM/PVA:

Poly(acrylic acid)/tourmaline/polyvinyl alconol

PAA-AAm–HNT–GO:

Poly(sodium acrylate-acrylamide)/graphene oxide/halloysite

PAA-AM/Al-MMT/SH:

Poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide)/Al-montmorillonite/sodium humate

PAA-AM/BT:

Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide)/bentonite

PAA-AM/Ca-MMT/SH:

Poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide)/Ca-montmorillonite/sodium humate

PAA-Am/EVMT:

Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide)/expanded vermiculite

PAA-AM/Li-MMT/SH:

Poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide)/Li-montmorillonite/sodium humate

PAA-AM/Na-MMT/SH:

Poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide)/Na-montmorillonite/sodium humate

PAA-AM/O-APT/SH:

Poly(acrylamic acid-acrylamide)/organified attapulgite/sodium humate

PAA-AM/O-MMT/SH:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/organomontmorillonite/sodium humate

PAA-AM/SH/APT:

Poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide)/sodium humate/attapulgite

PAA-AM-IA/MT:

Poly(acrylic acid–co-acrylamide-co-itaconic acid/muscovite

PAA-co-2-DRAEMA/MMT:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite

PAA-co-AM/KAO:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/kaolinite

PAA-co-PAM/CloisiteVR30B:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/cloisiteVR30B

PAA-co-VP/Lap:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolodone)/laponite RDS

PAAm/Lap:

Poly(acrylamide)/laponite

PAA-MAA/MMT:

Poly(acrylic acid–methacrylic acid)/montmorillonite

PAAM-IANa/MMT:

Poly(acrylamide–co-itaconic sodium)/montmorillonite

PAM/AAPT:

Poly(acrylamide)/acid-treated attapulgite

PAM/APT:

poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite

PAM/HAPT:

Poly(acrylamide)/heat-treated attapulgite

PAM/Lap/SH:

Poly(acrylamide)/laponite/sodium humate

PAM/PA:

Polyacrylamide/palygorskite

PAM/SH/LAP:

Poly(acrylamide)/sodium humate/laponite RD

PAM/SH/Lap:

Poly(acrylamide)/sodium humate/Laponite RD

PAM-AA/MMT:

Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylate/montmorillonite

PAM-IA/Mica:

Poly(Acrylamide–itaconic acid)/mica

PAM-PVA/Cloisite:

Poly(acrylamide-co-vinyl alcohol)/cloisite30B

PE-g-PAA/KAO:

Polyethylene-g-poly(acrylic acid)/kaolin

PE-g-PAA-co-starch/OMMT:

Polyethylene-g-poly(acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite

PL-g-P(AA-AM)/OMMT:

Potato leaves-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/organified montmorillonite

PMAA-g-Cell/Bent:

Poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted-cellulose/bentonite

PNaA/MMT:

Poly(sodium acrylate)/montmorillonite

POBDS/VMT:

Poly(4, 4-oxybis(benzene)disulfide)/vermiculite

poly(AA–AM/CTAB–MMT:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/ cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite

poly(AA–AM/DMAEA–DB–MMT:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/N,N′-dimethyl-N-dodecyl methacryloxylethyl ammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite

Poly(AA-co-AM)/APT:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite

Poly(AA-co-AM)/HNTs:

Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/halloysite

PSSNa/MMT:

Poly(sodium4-styrene sulfonate)/montmorillonite

P-St-AM/APT:

Starch phosphate-graft-acrylamide/attapulgite

PSY-g-PAA/APT:

Psyllium-g-Poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite

PULL/PVA/MMT:

Polysaccharide pullulan/polyvinyl alcohol/montmorillonite

SA/Na+REC:

Sodium alginate/Na+-rectorite

SA/Na+-REC-g-PAA:

Sodium alginate/Na+-rectorite-graft-poly acrylic acid

SA-g-AA/Na+REC:

Sodium alginate-graft-acrylic acid/Na+rectorite

SA-g-P(AA-co-AMPS)/APT:

Sodium alginate graft poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid)/attapulgite

S-g-AA/MMT:

Starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite

SS-g-PAA/APT:

Silk sericin-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite

St-g-PAA/O-zeolite:

Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-Zeolite4A

St-g-PAA/zeolite:

starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/zeolite4A

St-g-PAM/APT:

Starch-graft-poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite

St-g-PAM/KAO:

Starch-graft-acrylamide/kaolinite

St-g-PAM/KAO:

Starch-graft-polyacrylamide/kaolinite

St-g-PAM-AA/MMT:

Starch-graft-poly-[acrylamide(AM)–acrylic acid(AA)]/montmorillonite

VMT:

Vermiculite

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 51403221, 21377135 and 41601303), the Key Research & Development Project of Gansu Provincial Sci. & Tech. Department, China (17YF1WA167) and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2016370) for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Adcademy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

    Wenbo Wang & Aiqin Wang

  2. R&D Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, China

    Wenbo Wang & Aiqin Wang

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  1. Wenbo Wang
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  2. Aiqin Wang
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Correspondence to Aiqin Wang .

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  1. Instituto de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Instituto de Ingeniería Civil, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Leticia Myriam Torres Martínez

  2. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey, Mexico

    Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova

  3. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey, Mexico

    Boris Ildusovich Kharisov

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Wang, W., Wang, A. (2018). Nanoscale Clay Minerals for Functional Ecomaterials: Fabrication, Applications, and Future Trends. In: Martínez, L., Kharissova, O., Kharisov, B. (eds) Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_125-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_125-1

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