References
Bekoff, M. (1998). Deep ethology, animal rights, and the great ape/animal project: Resisting speciesism and expanding the community of equals. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 10, 269–296.
Bekoff, M., & Pierce, J. (2009). Wild justice: The moral lives of animals. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Bloom, P. (2013). Just babies: The origins of good and evil. New York: Crown.
Burghardt, G. M. (1985). Animal awareness: Current perceptions and historical perspective. American Psychologist, 40, 905–919.
Burghardt, G. M. (1991). Cognitive ethology and critical anthromorphism: A snake with two heads and hognose snakes that play dead. In C. A. Ristau (Ed.), Cognitive ethology: The minds of other animals (pp. 53–90). San Francisco: Erlbaum.
Burghardt, G. M. (1998). Snake stories: From the additive model to ethology’s fifth aim. In L. Hart (Ed.), Responsible conduct of research in animal behavior (pp. 77–95). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Burghardt, G. M. (2004). Ground rules for dealing with anthropomorphism. Nature, 430, 15.
Burghardt, G. M. (2007). Critical anthropomorphism, uncritical anthropocentrism, and naive nominalism. Comparative Cognition and Behavioral Reviews, 2, 136–138.
Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. London: Murray.
Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: Murray.
de Waal, F. B. M. (2016). Are we smart enough to know how smart animals are? New York: W. W. Norton.
Galef, B. G., Jr. (1996). The making of a science. In L. D. Houck & L. C. Drickamer (Eds.), Foundations of animal behavior: Classic papers with commentaries (pp. 5–12). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Griffin, D. R. (1976). The question of animal awareness. New York: Rockefeller University Press.
Mitchell, R. W. (1997). Anthropomorphism and anecdotes: A guide for the perplexed. In R. W. Mitchell, N. S. Thompson, & H. L. Miles (Eds.), Anthropomorphism, anecdotes, and animals (pp. 407–427). Albany: SUNY Press.
Mitchell, R. W., Thompson, N. S., & Miles, H. L. (Eds.). (1997). Anthropomorphism, anecdotes, and animals. Albany: SUNY Press.
Rivas, J., & Burghardt, G. M. (2002). Crotalomorphism: A metaphor for understanding anthropomorphism by omission. In M. Bekoff, C. Allen, & G. M. Burghardt (Eds.), The cognitive animal: Theoretical, methodological, and empirical approaches. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Romanes, G. J. (1883). Mental life of animals. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co.
Romanes, G. J. (1892). Animal intelligence (5th ed.). London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co.
Thompson, E. P. (1851). The passions of animals. London, UK: Chapman and Hall.
von Uexküll, J. (1909). Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere. Berlin: Julius Springer Verlag.
Wynne, C. D. L. (2007). What are animals? Why anthropomorphism is still not a scientific approach to behavior. Comparative Cognition and Behavior Reviews, 2, 125–135.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Burghardt, G.M. (2017). Anthropomorphism. In: Vonk, J., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1042-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1042-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47829-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47829-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences