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Electrodes for Cell Sensors Interfacing

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Handbook of Cell Biosensors

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Abstract

In this chapter, we present a comprehensive review of the electrodes that were used, are used, or can be used for bioelectrochemical cell sensors. Such sensors are based on the functional response of living cells, e.g., microbes, yeast, mammalian cells, plant cells, etc. This chapter focuses on the electrical and bioelectrochemical response where electrodes are important components in the bioelectric and bioelectrochemical signal path. Electrodes are integrated with the micro systems to pick up the signal generated by the cells, which can be dispersed in an aqueous solution or immobilized on (or near) the electrodes. There are numerous methods for cell sensors immobilization, for example, embedding in natural polymers (e.g., agar-agar) that is deposited on the electrode, attaching to polymer beads that are attached to the electrodes, or bound to the electrodes using specific chemistry. In this chapter, we review the electrode concepts, materials, designs, and process integration methods using 2D and 3D patterning methods. We review both passive and active electrodes, discussing the role of low-impedance three-electrode configuration (e.g., working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes) as well as high-impedance capacitance and field-effect devices. The different sections are accompanied by examples demonstrating the highlights and problems in the various electrode-based whole cell biosensors.

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Acknowledgment

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant no. 607417 (CATSENSE).

This research was also supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 1616/17).

We would also like to acknowledge the Boris Mints Institute for Strategic Policy Solutions to Global Challenges, the Department of Public Policy and the Manna Centre for Food Security, Tel Aviv University for their generous support under the program “Plant based heat stress whole-cell-biosensor” (grant no. 590351) 2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben Gurion university of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Hadar Ben-Yoav

  2. School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Heftsi Ragones

  3. Department of Physical Electronics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of EE/Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Richa Pandey, Giorgia Fiaschi & Yosi Shacham-Diamand

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  1. Hadar Ben-Yoav
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  2. Heftsi Ragones
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  3. Richa Pandey
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  4. Giorgia Fiaschi
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  5. Yosi Shacham-Diamand
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yosi Shacham-Diamand .

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  1. UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, Université de Nantes, La Roche sur Yon, France

    Gerald Thouand

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    Elisa Michelini

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    Sylvain Martel

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Ben-Yoav, H., Ragones, H., Pandey, R., Fiaschi, G., Shacham-Diamand, Y. (2020). Electrodes for Cell Sensors Interfacing. In: Thouand, G. (eds) Handbook of Cell Biosensors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47405-2_125-1

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