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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes

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Diabetes Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most widespread chronic diseases of childhood. T1D results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, and environmental factors act together to precipitate the onset of the disease. Clinical T1D represents the end stage of a process resulting from the progressive beta-cell destruction following an asymptomatic period that may last for years. This knowledge, together with recent advances in the ability to identify individuals at increased risk for clinical disease, has paved the way for trials aimed at preventing or delaying the clinical onset of T1D. Individuals at risk for T1D can be identified by a positive family history or by genetic, immunological, or metabolic markers. These markers can be combined to achieve a higher positive predictive value for T1D and to identify those individuals to be selected for intervention trials.

The purpose of this chapter is to set out the epidemiology and the main risk factors which characterizes T1D.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy

    Paolo Pozzilli

  2. Centre of Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Richard David Leslie & Paolo Pozzilli

  3. Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio Medico, Rome, Italy

    Chiara Guglielmi & Paolo Pozzilli

Authors
  1. Chiara Guglielmi
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  2. Richard David Leslie
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  3. Paolo Pozzilli
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Correspondence to Paolo Pozzilli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Enzo Bonora

  2. Diabetes Division, Diabetes Research Unit, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Ralph A. DeFronzo

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Guglielmi, C., Leslie, R.D., Pozzilli, P. (2018). Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes. In: Bonora, E., DeFronzo, R. (eds) Diabetes Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment . Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45015-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45015-5_4

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