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Geriatric Oncology pp 1–17Cite as

Role of Cell Cycle Control, Checkpoints and DNA Repair Mechanisms in Stem Cells and Changes with Aging and Cancerogenesis

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Abstract

The regulation of cell cycle progression, checkpoint activation, and DNA repair in stem cells is distinct from the regulation in progenitors and differentiated cells. For a broad range of types of stem cells, such as embryonic, muscle, and hematopoietic stem cells, these mechanisms have already been described. Either a complete absence or corrupted activity of checkpoints such as the G1/S damage response and the decatenation checkpoint was found or strong alterations in DNA repair mechanisms could be identified. Moreover, stem cells also activate their own distinct checkpoints, such as the novel differentiation checkpoint. It is currently not completely understood why stem cells maintain these distinct regulatory checkpoints and how they contribute to tissue homeostasis, stem cell function, and genome integrity. Furthermore, it is unclear how these mechanisms change upon aging and whether alterations in them significantly contribute to the transformation process and the development of diseases, such as MDS and leukemia. The following chapter will provide a general overview of cell cycle control, checkpoint activity, and DNA repair mechanisms in hematopoietic and other adult stem cells as well as progenitor cells and their relevance for genome integrity, homeostasis, aging, and disease. We will further highlight checkpoint proteins as potential pharmaceutical targets to treat age-related diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

    Andreas Brown & Hartmut Geiger

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  1. Andreas Brown
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  2. Hartmut Geiger
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Correspondence to Andreas Brown .

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  1. Senior Adult Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Martine Extermann

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  1. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

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Brown, A., Geiger, H. (2018). Role of Cell Cycle Control, Checkpoints and DNA Repair Mechanisms in Stem Cells and Changes with Aging and Cancerogenesis. In: Extermann, M. (eds) Geriatric Oncology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44870-1_87-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44870-1_87-1

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