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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases pp 325–374Cite as

Physiopathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hypercortisolism

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Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

Abstract

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a serious clinical condition caused by endogenous or exogenous cortisol excess. Endogenous CS is a rare endocrine disorder caused by chronic excessive cortisol secretion. In approximately 80% of cases, endogenous CS is a consequence of an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) hypersecretion (ACTH-dependent CS), generally due to a ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor (Cushing’s disease, CD, 70%), and, rarely, to an ACTH-secreting or corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)-secreting extra-pituitary tumor (Ectopic CS, ECS, 10%). In the remaining 20% of cases, CS is a direct consequence of autonomous cortisol overproduction by the adrenal glands (ACTH-independent CS), because of unilateral or bilateral adrenal diseases. This chapter reviews the physiopathology, the diagnostic algorithm required to establish the diagnosis and the main currently available treatments of CS.

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  1. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy

    Rosario Pivonello, Davide Iacuaniello, Chiara Simeoli, Maria Cristina De Martino & Annamaria Colao

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  1. Rosario Pivonello
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Pivonello, R., Iacuaniello, D., Simeoli, C., De Martino, M.C., Colao, A. (2018). Physiopathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hypercortisolism. In: Casanueva, F., Ghigo, E. (eds) Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44444-4_12

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