Synonyms
GERD
Definition
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) includes chronic symptoms or mucosal damage caused by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Montreal consensus defined GERD as “a condition which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.”
Reflux esophagitis refers to a subset of GERD that has endoscopic or histological changes in the esophageal mucosa. Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) refers to a clinical condition that evolves with typical GERD symptoms but with normal upper endoscopic features. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a complication of chronic GERD and is defined as an endoscopic alteration on the distal esophagus that shows intestinal metaplasia or columnar metaplasia at the biopsies, according to the American or British definition, respectively.
Clinical presentations of GERD vary considerably but can be logically grouped into three categories: typical symptoms, atypical symptoms, and...
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Fass, R., Fennerty, M. B., & Vakil, N. (2001). Nonerosive reflux disease – Current concepts and dilemmas. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 96, 303–314.
Lundell, L. R., Dent, J., Bennett, J. R., Blum, A. L., Armstrong, D., Galmiche, J. P., Johnson, F., Hongo, M., Richter, J. E., Spechler, S. J., et al. (1999). Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: Clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut, 45, 172–180.
Richter, J. E., & Castell, D. O. (2012). The esophagus (5th ed.). Chichester: Willey-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Vaezi, M. F. (2006). An atlas of investigation and management: Esophageal diseases. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (pp. 69–85). Oxford: Clinical Publishing.
Vakil, N., van Zanten, S. V., Kahrilas, P., Dent, J., & Jones, R. (2006). The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A global evidence-based consensus. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 101(8), 1900–1920.
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Novais, L., Chaves, P. (2017). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1617
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1617
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