Description
Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms may cause inflammatory lesions which rarely need cytological diagnosis. Aspiration may produce quite nonspecific granulocyte-rich smears and necrotic tissue fragments. Orbital aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and cysticercosis have been described cytologically. Granulomatous lesions (tuberculosis or sarcoidosis) may also occur; their cytological patterns are indistinguishable and do not differ from that seen at other sites. The rupture of dermoid cysts or other foreign bodies may cause reactive granulomatous infiltrates. Wegner’s granulomatous vasculitis lesions may occur, being cytological features indistinguishable from those of other pathologies. Orbital involvement by Langerhans cell histiocytosis or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) has also been reported; the presence of histiocytes exhibiting emperipolesis is the key element suggesting a diagnosis of SHMH.
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References and Further Reading
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Zeppa, P., Vigliar, E. (2017). Benign, Nonneoplastic Lesions and Inflammatory Process of the Orbit, Cytological Findings. In: Schmitt, F. (eds) Cytopathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33286-4_2815
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33286-4_2815
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