Skip to main content

Diseases of Caladium

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Disease Management ((HPDM))

  • 219 Accesses

Abstract

Caladium (Caladium x hortulanum Birdsey, Araceae; syn. C. bicolor Vent.) is a popular interior and exterior florists’ crop known for its multicolored foliage. Approximately 95 % of the world’s caladiums are produced in Florida, USA. Pathogen infection and disease can occur during all stages of caladium development: production (division and in the field) and storage. Common diseases of caladium are caused by Fusarium solani, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Dasheen mosaic virus, and Meloidogyne spp.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agrios GN (2005) Plant pathology, 5th edn. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, p 922

    Google Scholar 

  • Alconero R, Zettler FW (1971) Virus infections of Colocasia and Xanthosoma in Puerto Rico. Plant Dis Rep 55:506–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexandre MAV, Duarte LML, Rivas EB, Kitajima EW, Harakava R (2013) First report of Konjac mosaic virus in Zamioculcas zamiifolia. Plant Dis 97:1517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfieri SA, Langdon KR, Kimbrough JW, El-Gholl NE, Whelburg C (1994) Diseases and disorders of plants in Florida, vol 14, Bulletin. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth C, Waterson, JM (1964) Fusarium solani. CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, vol 29. CAB International, Kew, Surrey, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Brcka C, McSorley R, Frederick JJ (2000) Effect of hot water treatments on root-knot nematodes and caladium tubers. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 113:158–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase AR (1988) Compendium of ornamental foliage plant diseases. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, p 114

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase AR (1991) Characterization of Rhizoctonia species isolated from ornamentals in Florida. Plant Dis 75:234–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chase AR, Stall RE, Hodge NC, Jones JB (1992) Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris strains from aroids using physiological, pathological, and fatty acid analyses. Phytopathology 82:754–759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chellemi DO, Olson SM, Mitchell DJ, Sicker J, McSorley R (1997) Adaptation of soil solarization to the integrated management of soilborne pests of tomato under humid conditions. Phytopathology 87:250–252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cline MN, Crane JL, Cline SD (1983) The teleomorph of Cristulariella moricola. Mycologia 75:988–984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daughtrey ML, Wick RL, Peterson JL (1995) Compendium of flowering potted plant diseases. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, p 90

    Google Scholar 

  • Daughtrey ML, Wick RL, Peterson JL (2000) Botrytis blight of flowering potted plants. Plant Health Prog. doi:10.1094/PHP-2000-0605-01-HM

    Google Scholar 

  • Dávila-Negrón M, Dickson DW (2013) Comparative thermal-time requirements for development of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica at constant temperatures. Nematropica 43:152–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng Z, Harbaugh BK (2007) Caladiums in Florida. FSHS Newsletter 18(3):5 http://www.lpfla.com/Caladium%20in%20Florida.pdf. Accessed 08 July 2016

  • Deng Z, Harbaugh BK (2013) ‘Summer rose’ Caladium – a university of Florida cultivar for containers and landscapes. Environmental Horticulture Department/Florida Cooperative Extension Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences/University of Florida ENH-1042 https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP29400.pdf. Accessed 08 July 2016

  • Deng Z, Harbaugh BK, Kelly RO, Seijo T, McGovern RJ (2004) Resistance of nineteen major caladium commercial cultivars to Pythium root rot. Environmental Horticulture Department/Florida Cooperative Extension Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences/University of Florida ENH-996 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP251. Accessed 08 July 2016

  • Deng Z, Harbaugh BK, Kelly RO, Seijo T, McGovern RJ (2005) Pythium root rot resistance in commercial caladium cultivars. HortSci 40:549–552

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng Z, Peres NA, Harbaugh BK (2007) Host plant resistance to Fusarium tuber rot in commercial caladium cultivars. Environmental Horticulture Department/Florida Cooperative Extension Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences/University of Florida ENH-1081, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Duff JD, Barnaar A (1992) Solarisation controls soilborne fungal pathogens in nursery potting mixes. Australas Plant Pathol 21:20–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott MS, Zettler FW, Brown LG (1997) Dasheen mosaic potyvirus of edible and ornamental aroids. Plant Pathology Department/Florida Cooperative Extension Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences/University of Florida, pp 384 https://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/download/11390/144636/pp384.pdf

  • Evans MR, Wilfret GJ, Harbaugh BK (1992) Caladiums as potted and landscape plants. Plant Pathology Department/Florida Cooperative Extension Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences/University of Florida ENH-1060 http://manatee.ifas.ufl.edu/lawn_and_garden/master-gardener/gardening-manatee-style/c/caladiums.pdf. Accessed 08 July 2016

  • Garcia R, Mitchell DJ (1975) Synergistic interaction of P. myriotylum with Fusarium solani, and Meloidogyne arenaria in pod rot of peanut. Phytopathology 65:832–833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilreath JP, McSorley R, McGovern RJ (1999) Soil fumigant and herbicide combinations for soilborne pest control in caladium. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 112:285–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Goktepe F, Seijo T, Deng Z, Harbaugh BK, Peres N, McGovern RJ (2007) Toward breeding for resistance to Fusarium tuber rot in caladium: inoculation technique and sources of resistance. HortSci 42:1135–1139

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta VK, Misra AK, Gaur RK (2010) Growth characteristics of Fusarium spp. causing wilt disease in Psidium guajava L. in India. J Plant Protect Res 50:452–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen HN, Bega RV (1955) Botrytis rot of Caladium tubers. Plant Dis Rep 39:283, ISSN 0032–0811

    Google Scholar 

  • Harbaugh BK, Wilfret GJ, Overman AJ (1988) Tissue cultured stock history and hot water treatment affect caladium tuber production on sandy soils. Pro Fla State Hort Soc 101:305–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman RD (1974) Dasheen mosaic virus and other phytopathogens eliminated from caladium, taro, and cocoyam by culture of shoot tips. Phytopathology 64:237–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman RD, Zettler FW (1974) Effects of dasheen mosaic virus on yields of caladium, dieffenbachia, and philodendron. (Abstr.). Phytopathology 64:768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayden NJ, Maude RB (1994) The effect of heat on the growth and recovery of Aspergillus spp. from the mycoflora of onion seeds. Plant Pathol 43:627–630. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01600.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen KF, Reynolds PE (1971) Response of Fusarium solani to fluctuating temperatures. USDA Forest Service Research Paper NE-210, pp 8 http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/research_papers/pdfs/scanned/OCR/ne_rp210.pdf. Accessed 08 July 2016

  • Jouen E, Laurent P, Robene-Soustrade I, Gagnevin L, Pruvost O, Hostachy B, Gateble G, Amice R, Imbert F (2007) First report in New Caledonia of bacterial blight of anthurium caused by Xanthomona axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae. Plant Dis 91:462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knauss JF (1975) Description and control of Fusarium tuber rot of caladium. Plant Dis Rep 59:975–979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Rosskopf EN, Hartman RD (2010) Evaluation of soil treatments for control of Meloidogyne arenaria in Caladium tubers (Caladium x hortulanum) and Nematode susceptibility of selected cultivars. Nematropica 40:177–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwon SB, Ha JH, Yoon JY, Ryu KH (2002) Zantedeschia mosaic virus causing leaf mosaic symptom in calla lily is a new potyvirus. Arch Virol 147:2281–22889

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leahy RM (1995) Cristulariella leaf spot on Florida ornamentals, vol 370, Plant Pathology Circular. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesemann DE, Winter S (2002) Konjac mosaic virus, Dasheen mosaic virus and unknown potyviruses infecting Zantedeschia SPP. and other cultivated Araceae. In: Hammond J (ed). Proceeding of 10th IS Virus Diseases Ornamentals, Acta Hort 568:135–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Manikonda P, Srinivas KP, Reddy CVS, Ramesh B, Navodayam K, Krishnaprasadji J, Ratan PB, Sreenivasulu P (2011) Konjac mosaic virus naturally infecting three aroid plant species in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Phytopathol 159:133–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marousky FJ, Raulston JC (1973) Influence of temperature and duration of curing, storage, shipping and forcing periods on caladium growth. Proc Florida State Hort Soc 86:363–368

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur K, Ram D, Poonia J, Lodha BC (2002) Integration of soil solarization and pesticides for management of rhizome rot of ginger. Indian Phytopathol 55:345–347

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, McSorley R (1997) Physical methods of soil sterilization for disease management including soil solarization. In: Rechcigl NA, Rechcigl JE (eds) Environmentally safe approaches to crop disease control. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp 283–313

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, Seijo (2003) Evaluation of fungicides and a biocontrol for reduction of southern blight in caladium. Fungicide Nematicide Tests 59:OT004

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, Singh R (2003) Evaluation of fungicides and hot water for reduction of Fusarium infection in caladium. Fungicide Nematicide Tests 59:OT05

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, Horst RK, Dickey RW (1985) Effect of plant nutrition on susceptibility of Chrysanthemum morifolium to Erwinia chrysanthemi. Plant Dis 69:1086–1088

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, Davis TA, Myers DS, Seijo TE (2001a) Field evaluation of fungicides for the reduction of Fusarium tuber rot in caladium. Fungicide Nematicide Tests 57:OT05

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, Seijo TE, Myers DS (2001b) Evaluation of fungicides and a biocontrol for reduction of Pythium root rot in caladium. Fungicide Nematicide Tests 57:OT06

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, Myers LR, Singh R (2002) Evaluation of fungicides and hot water for reduction of Fusarium infection in caladium. Fungicide Nematicide Tests 58:OT049

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern RJ, Elmer WH, Geiser DC, Harbaugh BK (2004) Biology, epidemiology and integrated management of Fusarium tuber rot of caladium. American Floral Endowment Special Research Report #110: Disease Management http://endowment.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/110dm.pdf. Accessed 08 July 2016

  • McGuire RG, Kelman A (1984) Reduced severity of Erwinia soft rot in potato tubers with increased calcium content. Phytopathol 74:1250–1256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McSorley R, Fredrick JJ, McGovern RJ (1999) Extraction of Meloidogyne incognita from caladium corms. Nematropica 29:245–248

    Google Scholar 

  • McSorley R, Wang K-H, Frederick JJ (2004) Host suitability of caladium varieties to Meloidogyne incognita. Nematropica 34:97–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Moorman GW, Lease RJ (1992) Benzimidazole- and dicarboximide-resistant Botrytis cinerea from Pennsylvania greenhouses. Plant Dis 76:477–480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morales FJ, Zettler FW (1977) Aphid transmission characteristics of dasheen mosaic virus. Fitopatol Colomb 6:134

    Google Scholar 

  • Mordue JEM (1974a) Thanatephorus cucumeris. CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, vol 406. CAB International, Kew, Surrey, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Mordue JEM (1974b) Sclerotium rolfsii. CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, vol 410. CAB International, Kew, Surrey, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullen J (2001) Southern blight, Southern stem blight, White mold (updated 2006). American Phytopathological Society, The Plant Health Instructor DOI:10.1094/PHI-I-2001-0104-01

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishiguchi M, Yamasaki S, Lu X-Z, Shimoyama A, Hanada K, Sonoda S, Shimono M, Sakai J, Mikoshiba Y, Fujisawa I (2006) Konjak mosaic virus: the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA and its comparison with other potyviruses. Arch Virol 151:1643–1650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Overman AJ, Harbaugh BK (1983) Soil fumigation increases caladium tuber production on sandy soil. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 96:248–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappas AC (1982) Inadequate control of grey mold on cyclamen by dicarboximide fungicides in Greece. Z Pflanzenkrankh Pflanzenschutz 89:52–58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pham K, Langeveld SA, Lemmers MEC, Derks AFLM (2002) Detection and identification of potyviruses in Zantedeschia. Proc. 10th IS Virus Diseases of Ornamentals Ed. J. Hammond, Acta Hort 568:143–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinnell G (2014) Legislature offers $100,000 to solve caladium problem. The Tampa Tribune: Highlands Today, May 10, 2014, http://www.highlandstoday.com/hi/local-news/legislature-offers-100000-to-solve-caladium-problem-20140510

  • Polston JE, Evans MR, Tsai JH (1991) Investigation of the etiology of grassy tuber of caladium. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 104:334–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Punja ZK (1985) The biology, ecology, and control of Sclerotium rolfshii. Ann Rev Phytopathol 23:97–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman MME, Ali ME, Ali MS, Rahman MM, Islam MN (2008) Hot water thermal treatment for controlling seed-borne mycoflora of maize. Int J Sustain Crop Prod 3:5–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Ram R, Joshi A, Verma N, Kulshrestha S, Raikhy G, Hallan V, Zaidi AA (2003) First report of Dasheen mosaic virus infecting four ornamental aroids in India. Plant Pathol 52:411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades HL (1961) Preliminary studies on eradication of root-knot in caladium tubers. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 74:393–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades HL (1964) Effect of hot water treatment of seed tubers and soil fumigation for control of root knot on yield of caladiums. Plant Dis Rep 48:568–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridings WH, Hartman RD (1976a) Pathogenicity of Pythium myriotylum and other species of Pythium to caladium derived from shoot-tip culture. Phytopathology 66:704–709 http://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1976Articles/Phyto66n06_704.pdf. Accessed 08 July 2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridings WH, Hartman RD (1976b) Caladium root rot caused by Pythium myriotylum. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Plant Pathology Circular #164. Gainesville https://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/download/11171/143317/pp164.pdf. Accessed 08 July 2016

  • Rivas EB, Duarte LML, Alexandre MAV, Galleti SR, Harakava R, Fernandes FMC (2005) Caladium virus X, a new potexvirus from Caladium bicolor (Araceae). J Plant Pathol 87:109–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Robene-Soustrade I, Laurent P, Gagnevin L, Jouen E, Pruvost O (2006) Specific detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae in anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) tissues by nested PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:1072–1078

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Seijo TE, Peres NA, Deng Z (2010) Characterization of strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae from bacterial blight of caladium and identification of sources of resistance for breeding improved cultivars. HortSci 45:220–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimoyama J, Kameya-Iwaki M, Hanada K, Gunji T (1992) Konjak mosaic virus, a new potyvirus infecting konjak, Amorphophallus Konjac. Ann Phytopath Soc Japan 58:706–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simone GW, Kucharek TA, Elliot MS, Mullin R (1993) Florida plant disease control guide, vol 1. Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences/Florida Cooperative Extension Service/University of Florida, Gainesville, p 307

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh RK, Dwivedi RS (1991) Ecology and biology of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Int J Trop Plant Dis 9:161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotomayor D, Allen LH Jr, Chen Z, Dickson DW, Hewlett T (1999) Anaerobic soil management practices and solarization for nematode control in Florida. Nematropica 29:153–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Subbarao KV (1996) Deep plowing exacerbates lettuce drop in Salinas Valley. Calif Agric 50:30–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor AL, Sasser JN (1978) Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Thies JA, Merrill SB, Corley EL (2002) Red food coloring stain: new, safer procedures for staining nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces. J Nematol 34:179–181

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vali RJ, Moorman GW (1992) Influence of selected fungicide regimes on frequency of dicarboximide-resistant and dicarboximide-sensitive strains of Botrytis cinerea. Plant Dis 76:919–924

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varga J, Juhasz A, Kevei F, Kozakiewicz Z (2004) Molecular diversity of agriculturally important Aspergillus species. Europ J Plant Pathol 110:627–640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang RY, Pirone TP (1996) Mineral oil interferes with retention of tobacco etch potyvirus in the stylets of Myzus persicae. Phytopathology 86:820–823

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilfret GJ (1993) Caladium. In: DeHertogh A, LeNard M (eds) The physiology of flower bulbs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 239–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Zettler FW, Hartman RD (1986) Dasheen mosaic virus and its control in cultivated aroids. Extension Bulletin, ASPAC Food and Fertilizer Technology Centre for the Asian and Pacific region, Taipei, Taiwan (No. 233). 13pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Zettler FW, Hartman RD (1995) Dieffenbachia, Caladium, and Zantedeschia. In: Loebenstein G, Lawson RH, Brunt AA (eds) Virus and virus-like diseases of bulb and flower crops. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 464–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Zettler FW, Foxe MJ, Hartman RD, Edwardson JR, Christie RG (1970) Filamentous viruses infecting dasheen and other araceous plants. Phytopathology 60:983–987

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to H. M. Bowman , J. E. Polston or R. J. McGovern .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Cite this entry

Bowman, H.M., Polston, J.E., McGovern, R.J. (2016). Diseases of Caladium. In: McGovern, R., Elmer, W. (eds) Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases. Handbook of Plant Disease Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32374-9_40-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32374-9_40-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32374-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics