Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance pp 1–14Cite as

Community Resilience and Crisis Management

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 23 Accesses

Definitions

Social Capital:

  • Bourdieu and Wacquant (1992, p. 119): “The sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition.”

  • Putnam (1995, p. 67): “Feature of social organization such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit”

Social Vulnerability:

  • Unequal exposure to risk to extreme events due to differential socioeconomic and power relations among groups in a given society.

Introduction

The manner in which disaster is experienced is complex and differs greatly among individuals, households, and communities. This entry presents a literature review of the concepts of social capital, social vulnerability, and community resilience in the context of disaster. These concepts assume that there are benefits by treating the impacted public as a potential partner in response,...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Adger WN (2000) Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Prog Hum Geogr 24(3):347–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander D (2000) Confronting catastrophe. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander B, Chan-Halbrendt C, Wilmar R (2006) Sustainable livelihood considerations for disaster risk management: implications for implementation of the Government of Indonesia tsunami recovery plan. Disaster Prev Manag 15(1):31–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson WA (2008) Mobilization of the black community following Hurricane Katrina: from disaster assistance to advocacy of social change and equity. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 26(3):197–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Banfield E (1968) The unheavenly city. Little, Brown Publishing, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Bankoff G (2003) Vulnerability as a measure of change in society. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 21(2):5–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton AH (1969) Communities in disaster: a sociological analysis of collective stress situations. Doubleday & Co, Garden City

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates FL, Peacock WG (1989) Long term recovery. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 7(3):349–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Beggs JJ, Haines VA, Hurlbert JS (1996) The effects of personal network and local community contexts on the receipt of formal aid during disaster recovery. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 14(1):57–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Berke P, Beatley T (1997) After the hurricane: linking recovery to sustainable development in the Caribbean. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Berke P, Campanella TJ (2006) Planning for postdisaster resiliency. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 604:192–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blocker TJ, Rochford EB Jr, Sherkat DE (1991) Political responses to natural hazards: social movement participation following a flood disaster. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 9(3):367–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolin R (1986) Disaster impact and recovery: a comparison of black and white victims. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 4(1):35–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolin R (1989) Natural disasters. In: Gist R, Lubin B (eds) Psychosocial aspects of disaster. Wiley, Oxford, UK, pp 61–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu P, Wacquant LPD (1992) An invitation to reflexive sociology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs XD (1998) Doing democracy up close: culture, power and communication in community building. J Plan Educ Res 18:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs XD (2004) Social capital: easy beauty or meaningful resource? J Am Plan Assoc 71(2):151–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown LD (1991) Bridging organizations and sustainable development. Hum Relat 44(8):807–831

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cable S, Degutis B (1991) The transformation of community consciousness: the effects of citizens’ organizations on host communities. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 9(3):383–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Carney D (2002) Sustainable livelihood approaches: progress and possibilities for change. UK Department for International Development, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen L-C, Liu Y-C, Chan K-C (2006) Integrated community-based disaster management program in Taiwan: a case study of Shang-an village. Nat Hazards 37:209–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coughlan A (2004) Recovery management in Australia: a community-based approach. In: Norman S (ed) Proceedings of the 2004 New Zealand recovery symposium. Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management, Wellington

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutter SL, Finch C (2008) Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(7):2301–2306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutter SL, Boruff BJ, Shirley WL (2003) Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Soc Sci Q 84(2):242–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutter SL, Barnes L, Berry M, Burton C, Evans E, Tate E, Webb J (2008) A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Glob Environ Chang 18:598–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutter SL, Burton C, Emrich C (2010) Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. J Homel Secur Emerg Manag 7(1):1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Department for International Development (DFID) (1999) Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. UK Department for International Development, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Drabek TE (1986) Human responses to disaster: an inventory of sociological findings. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Drabek TE, Key WH, Erickson PE, Crowe JL (1975) The impact of disaster on kin relationships. J Marriage Fam 37(3):481–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drury J, Cocking C, Reicher S (2009) The nature of collective resilience: survivor reactions to the 2005 London bombings. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 27(1):66–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Dynes RR (1970) Organizational involvement and changes in community structure in disaster. Am Behav Sci 13(3):430–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dynes RR (2003) Finding order in disorder: continuities in the 9-11 response. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 21(3): 9–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Ethridge R (2006) Bearing witness: assumptions, realities, and the otherizing of Katrina. Am Anthropol 108(4): 799–813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finch C, Emrich CT, Cutter SL (2010) Disaster disparities and differential recovery in New Orleans. Popul Environ 31:179–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fordham M (1999) The intersection of gender and social class in disaster: balancing resilience and vulnerability. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 17(1):15–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Forgette R, Dettrey B, Van Boening M, Swanson D (2009) Before, now, and after: assessing Hurricane Katrina relief. Popul Res Policy Rev 28:31–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz CE, Marks ES (1954) The NORC studies of human behavior in disaster. J Soc Issues 10(3):26–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz CE, Mathewson HB (1957a) Convergence behavior in disasters: a problem in social control. Publication #476. National Academies of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritz CE, Mathewson HB (1957b) The human being in disasters: a research perspective. Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 309:42–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaillard J-C, Le Masson V (2007) Traditional societies’ response to volcanic hazards in the Philippines: implications for community-based disaster recovery. Mt Res Dev 27(4):313–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganapati NE (2009) Rising from the rubble: emergence of place-based social capital in Golcuk, Turkey. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 27(2):127–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein BE (2007) Skunkworks in the embers of the Cedar Fire: enhancing resilience in the aftermath of disaster. Hum Ecol 36:15–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golec JA (1983) A contextual approach to the social psychological study of disaster recovery. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 1(2):255–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon R (2004) Community process and the recovery environment following emergency. Aust J Environ Health 4(1):19–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Gotham F, Greenberg M (2008) From 9/11 to 8/29: post-disaster recovery and rebuilding in New York and New Orleans. Soc Forces 87(2):1039–1062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gress J (2004) Sowing the seeds of social capital. J Am Plan Assoc 70(2):176–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Heeren JW (1999) Emotional simultaneity and the construction of victim unity. Symb Interact 22(2):163–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland CJ, VanArsdale PW (1986) Responses to disaster: a comparative study of indigenous coping mechanisms in two marginal third world communities. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 4(3):51–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson J, Vidal AC (2004) Using social capital to help integrate planning theory, research, and practice. J Am Plan Assoc 70(2):142–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KW, Olson-Allen S, Collins D (2002) An evaluation strategy for improving disaster victim services: a blueprint for change. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 20(1):69–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Karanci N, Aksit B (2000) Building disaster-resistant communities: lessons learned from past earthquakes in Turkey and suggestions for the future. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 18(3):403–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirschenbaum A (2004) Generic sources of disaster communities: a social network approach. Int J Sociol Soc Policy 24:94–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinenberg E (2002) Heatwave: a social autopsy of disaster in Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Krajeski RL, Peterson KJ (1999) ‘But she is a woman and this is a man’s job’: lessons for participatory research and participatory recovery. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 17(1):123–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitmann J (2007) Cities and calamities: learning from post-disaster response in Indonesia. J Urban Health 84(1):144–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Light I (2004) Social capital’s unique accessibility. J Am Plan Assoc 70(2):145–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin N (1999) Social networks and status attainment. Annu Rev Sociol 25:467–487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin N (2001) Social capital: a theory of social structure and action. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe S, Fothergill A (2004) A need to help: emergent volunteer behavior after September 11. In: Beyond September 11th: an account of post-disaster research. Public Entity Risk Institute of Fairfax/The Institute for Civil Infrastructure Systems, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Luft R (2009) Beyond disaster exceptionalism: social movement developments in New Orleans after hurricane Katrina. Am Q 61(3):499–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunn J (1990) Counter-disaster/emergency planning in Tasmania. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 8(2):151–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel L (2007) Personal responsibility and volunteering after a natural disaster: the case of hurricane Katrina. Sociol Spectr 27(6):633–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mileti D (1999) Disaster by design: a reassessment of natural hazards in the United States. Joseph Henry, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Mimaki J, Takeuchi Y, Shaw R (2009) The role of community-based organization in the promotion of disaster preparedness at the community level: a case study of a coastal town in the Kochi Prefecture of the Shikoku Region, Japan. J Coast Conserv 13:207–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JK (2006) The primacy of partnership: scoping a new national disaster recovery policy. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 604:228–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JK (2008) Including the capacity for coping with surprises in post-disaster recovery policies. Reflections on the experience of Tangshan, China. Behemoth 3:21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow BH, Enarson E (1996) Hurricane Andrew through women’s eyes: issues and recommendations. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 14(1):5–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa Y, Shaw R (2004) Social capital: a missing link to disaster recovery. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 22(1):5–34

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council on Disability (2009) Effective emergency management: making improvements for communities and people with disabilities. http://www.ncd.gov/publications/2009/Aug122009

  • Neal D (1997) Reconsidering the phases of disaster. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 15(2):239–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Newport J, Jawahar GG (1998) Crisis intervention by community participation. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 16(3):363–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Nigg JM, Barnshaw J, Torres MR (2006) Hurricane Katrina and the flooding of New Orleans: emergent issues in sheltering and temporary housing. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 604:113–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris FH, Stevens SP (2007) Community resilience and the principles of mass trauma intervention. Psychiatry 70(4):320–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris FH, Baker CK, Murphy AD, Kaniasty K (2005) Social support, mobilization and deterioration after Mexico’s 1999 flood: effects of context, gender and time. Am J Community Psychol 36(1/2):15–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL (2008) Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. Am J Community Psychol 41: 127–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olson RS, Gawronski VT (2003) Disasters as critical junctures? Managua, Nicaragua 1972 and Mexico City 1985. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 21(1):5–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Pais JF, Elliott JR (2008) Places as recovery machines: vulnerability and neighborhood change after major hurricanes. Soc Forces 86(4):1415–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson O, Weil F, Patel K (2010) The role of community in disaster response: conceptual models. Popul Res Policy Rev 29:127–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picou JS, Marshall BK, Gill DA (2004) Disaster, litigation, and the corrosive community. Soc Forces 82(4): 1493–1522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam RD (1995) Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. J Democr 6:65–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam RD (2000) Bowling alone. Simon and Schuster, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam R, Feldstein LM (2003) Better together: restoring the American community. Simon and Schuster, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Quarantelli EL (1989) Human behavior in Mexico City earthquake: basic themes in survey findings. Preliminary paper #137. Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, Newark

    Google Scholar 

  • Quarantelli EL (1992) Human behavior in the Mexico City earthquake: basic themes in survey findings. Preliminary paper #185. Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, Newark

    Google Scholar 

  • Quarantelli EL (1993) Organization response to the Mexico City earthquake of 1985: characteristics and implications. Nat Hazards 8(1):19–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez H, Wachtendorf T, Kendra J, Trainor J (2006) A snapshot of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: societal impacts and consequences. Disaster Prev Manag 15(1):163–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohe WM (2004) Building social capital through community development. J Am Plan Assoc 70(2):158–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin CB (1985) The community recovery process in the United States after a major natural disaster. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 3(2):9–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupasingha A, Goetz SJ, Freshwater D (2006) The production of social capital in US counties. J Socio-Econ 35:83–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saegert SJ (2001) Social capital and poor communities. Russell Sage Foundation, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherrieb K, Norris FH, Galea S (2010) Measuring capacities for community resilience. Soc Indic Res 99: 227–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shieh S, Deng G (2011) An emerging civil society: the impact of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake on grass-roots associations in China. China J 65:181–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smit B, Wandel J (2006) Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Glob Environ Chang 16(3):282–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Terhakopian A (2008) Disasters and health: distress, disorders and disaster behaviors in communities, neighborhoods and nations. Soc Res 75(3):1015–1028

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Willigen M (2001) Do disasters affect individuals’ psychological well-being? An over-time analysis of the effect of Hurricane Floyd on men and women in eastern North Carolina. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 19(1):59–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidal AC (2004) Building social capital to promote community equity. J Am Plan Assoc 70(2):164–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh F (2007) Traumatic loss and major disasters: strengthening family and community resilience. Fam Process 46(2):207–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wedel K, Baker D (1998) After the Oklahoma City bombing: a case study of the resource coordination committee. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 16(3):333–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Weick KE, Sutcliffe KM (2001) Managing the unexpected: assuring high performance in an age of complexity. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Weller JM, Quarantelli EL (1973) Neglected characteristics of collective behavior. Am J Sociol 79(3):665–685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wisner B, Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I (2004) At risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolcock M (2004) Why and how planners should take social capital seriously. J Am Plan Assoc 70(2):183–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahran S, Brody SD, Peacock WG, Vedlitz A, Grover H (2008) Social vulnerability and the natural and built environment: a model of flood casualties in Texas. Disasters 32(4):537–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Management, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA

    Caroline S. Hackerott

Authors
  1. Caroline S. Hackerott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA

    Ali Farazmand

Appendices

Appendices

Appendix A

DROP model

Cutter, S.L., L. Barnes, M. Berry, C. Burton, E. Evans, E. Tate, and J. Webb. 2008. “A Place-Based Model for Understanding Community Resilience to Natural Disasters.” Global Environmental Change 18: 598-606.

No permission provided for inclusion of model.

Appendix B

Resilience as networked adaptive capacities

Norris, F.H., S.P. Stevens, B. Pfefferbaum, K.F. Wyche and R.L. Pfefferbaum. 2008. “Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness.” American Journal of Community Psychology 41: 127-150.

No permission provided for inclusion of model.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Hackerott, C.S. (2020). Community Resilience and Crisis Management. In: Farazmand, A. (eds) Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_726-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_726-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31816-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31816-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Economics and FinanceReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation