Synonyms
Definition
Outsourcing refers to the procurement of goods and service from external sources by private or public organizations based on contractual agreements. Market reforms refer to applying market/business models to public administration and governance in South Africa.
Introduction
The state had widely been recognized as an instrument of socioeconomic development from 1948 to 1970, and the effective administration was viewed as the primary agent in the formulation and implementation of programs and development plans (Bertucci 2009). The public sector represented by the executive and its bureaucracy constituted the key apparatus for the execution of the functions of the state. Up to the 1970s, the state became a direct investor, in not only the infrastructure and public utilities such as water, electricity, housing, and telecommunications but also in the operation of industries, agriculture, banking, marketing, and...
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References
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Mthembu, Z., Mutereko, S. (2018). Unintended Consequences of the Public Sector Reforms in KZN, South Africa. In: Farazmand, A. (eds) Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3651-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3651-1
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