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Energy Metabolism and Epigenetics

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

The mammalian genome is packaged as chromatin, which influences all enzyme-catalyzed processes that utilize DNA as a template including transcription, DNA replication, the DNA damage response and repair, and meiotic recombination. This is why epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers are so crucial for the regulation of genome function. Epigenetic mechanisms are tightly integrated with energy metabolism. For example, methyltransferase and acetyltransferase enzymes that modify DNA and histones require intermediary energy metabolites such as S-adenosylmethionine and acetyl-CoA as essential co-factors. To extend the analogy, epigenetic writers require epigenetic ink. The underlying logic of this relationship is that nutrient availability and cellular metabolism can regulate gene expression and genome function to maintain homeostasis. This review will focus on the functional interplay between epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms and discuss why this is relevant for health and disease prevention with an emphasis on cancer.

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Abbreviations

CpG:

Cytosine-guanine dinucleotide with phosphodiester (p) linkage

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

SAM:

S-Adenosylmethionine

1C:

1 carbon

DMR:

Differentially methylated region

ChIP:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TET:

Ten-eleven translocation

α-KG:

α Ketoglutarate

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

JMJD:

Jumonji C domain

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

NAD+ :

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

PTM:

Posttranslational modification

HAT:

Histone acetyltransferase

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

SIRT:

Sirtuin

AMPK:

5′ adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase

PARP:

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase

mTOR:

Mechanistic target of rapamycin

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  1. Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA

    Scott J. Bultman

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  1. Scott J. Bultman
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  1. c/o Editorial Board 978-0-387-78665 , Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Vinood Patel

  2. Kings College , London, United Kingdom

    Victor Preedy

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Bultman, S.J. (2017). Energy Metabolism and Epigenetics. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_87-1

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