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Arsenic and microRNA Expression

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid that poses a major threat to worldwide human health. The most toxic form of arsenic is inorganic arsenic, which has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 1 carcinogenic to humans. This classification is based on the increased incidence of primary skin cancer, as well as lung and urinary bladder cancer after exposure to arsenic. Exposure to arsenic typically occurs by oral consumption of contaminated drinking water, soil, and food or by inhalation in an industrial work setting. The main exposure route to inorganic arsenic remains dietary, particularly in infants. This review describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which arsenic causes harm, although the toxic effects associated with inorganic arsenic exposure are not well understood. Arsenic toxicokinetics varies depending on its form and on several factors such as life-stage, gender, nutritional status, and genetic polymorphisms. MicroRNAs play a key role in many physiological and pathological cellular processes, and they are powerful regulators of gene expression under inorganic arsenic exposure. Several in vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of inorganic arsenic exposure on the microRNA expression profile showed that microRNAs misregulation is involved in a variety of human tumors and in angiogenesis.

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Abbreviations

As:

As

AS3MT:

Human As methyltransferase

AsIII:

Arsenite

AsT cell:

As transformed cell

AsV:

Arsenate

CCA:

Chromated copper arsenate

DMAA:

Dimethylarsinic acid

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

EMT:

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

GSH:

Glutathione

HBEC:

Human bronchial epithelial cell

HELF:

Human embryo lung fibroblast cell

iAs:

Inorganic arsenic

MCL:

Maximum contaminant level

mESCs:

Mouse embryonic stem cells

miRNA:

microRNA

MMAA:

Monomethylarsonic acid

PHLPP:

PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RT-qPCR:

Quantitative reverse transcription PCR

SAM:

S-adenosyl-methionine

SUMO:

Small ubiquitin-like modifier

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Technological Innovation and Safety of Plants, Product and Anthropic Settlements (DIT), Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Ferruzzi 38/40, 00143, Rome, Italy

    Elena Sturchio, Miriam Zanellato & Priscilla Boccia

  2. Research Organization CRF (Cooperativa Ricerca Finalizzata Sc), Tor Vergata University Science Park, Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Claudia Meconi

  3. Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Bari, Italy

    Silvia Gioiosa

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  1. Elena Sturchio
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  2. Miriam Zanellato
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  3. Priscilla Boccia
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  4. Claudia Meconi
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  5. Silvia Gioiosa
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Correspondence to Elena Sturchio .

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  1. c/o Editorial Board 978-0-387-78665 , Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Vinood Patel

  2. Kings College , London, United Kingdom

    Victor Preedy

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Sturchio, E., Zanellato, M., Boccia, P., Meconi, C., Gioiosa, S. (2017). Arsenic and microRNA Expression. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_73-1

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