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Epigenetic Effects of Nutrients Involved in Neurodevelopmental and Mental Disorders

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

Epigenetics is a mechanism that can change gene expression, not by changing the genomic sequence but by changing epigenomic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Failure of epigenetic mechanisms results in various congenital neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that these mechanisms are essential for normal brain development. Epigenetic mechanisms are affected by various environmental factors including nutrients such as folic acid and various histone deacetylase inhibitors during early life. Since these nutrients are essential for epigenetic modifications, their insufficient intake in the early developmental period can induce epigenomic abnormalities that lead to dysregulation of gene expression in the brain, which may result in acquired neurodevelopmental and mental disorders. Therefore, on the basis of the epigenetic understanding of the effects of nutrients, early intervention with an appropriate therapy and education in nursery and preschools is important to prevent or ameliorate acquired neurodevelopmental and mental disorders.

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Abbreviations

AHRR:

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

DOHaD:

Developmental origins of health and disease

Gr:

Glucocorticoid receptor

HDACi:

Histone deacetylase inhibitor

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

MBD:

Methyl-CpG binding domain

MYO1G:

Myosin 1g

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Child Studies, Seitoku University, Iwase 550, 271-8555, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan

    Takeo Kubota

  2. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan

    Kazuki Mochizuki

Authors
  1. Takeo Kubota
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  2. Kazuki Mochizuki
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Correspondence to Takeo Kubota .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. c/o Editorial Board 978-0-387-78665 , Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Vinood Patel

  2. Kings College , London, United Kingdom

    Victor Preedy

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Kubota, T., Mochizuki, K. (2017). Epigenetic Effects of Nutrients Involved in Neurodevelopmental and Mental Disorders. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_10-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_10-1

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