Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hypertension in the Pregnant Teenager

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Book cover Pediatric Hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension occurs in approximately 10–20% of pregnancies and is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Most importantly, it results in preterm delivery and is associated with other conditions in the spectrum of placental ischemic disease such as intrauterine growth retardation and placental abruption. Chronic hypertension increases the risk for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Hypertension during pregnancy is also associated with increased future cardiovascular risk in the mother and her offspring. Topics to be discussed in this chapter include the classification of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, normal blood pressure patterns during pregnancy, the pathophysiology of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, features unique to the pregnant adolescent, the epidemiology and outcome of hypertension during pregnancy, and treatment guidelines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

2-ME:

2-Methoxyestradiol

ABPM:

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

ACEi:

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors

ARB:

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

ANP:

Atrial Natriuretic Protein

BP:

Blood Pressure

BMI:

Body Mass Index

COMT:

Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase

CI:

Confidence Interval

SBP:

Systolic BP

DBP:

Diastolic BP

sEng:

Endoglin

GFR:

Glomerular Filtration Rate

HELLP:

Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets syndrome

HIF:

Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1

MAP:

Mean Arterial Pressure

OR:

Odds Ratio

PlGF:

Placental Growth Factor

sFlt1:

Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

References

  • Abalos E, Duley L, Steyn DW, Henderson-Smart DJ (2007) Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD002252

    Google Scholar 

  • Abalos E, Duley L, Steyn DW (2014) Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD002252

    Google Scholar 

  • Amro FH, Moussa HN, Ashimi OA, Sibai BM (2016) Treatment options for hypertension in pregnancy and puerperium. Expert Opin Drug Saf 15:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnea ER, Maclusky NJ, Decherney AH, Naftolin F (1988) Catechol-o-methyl transferase activity in the human term placenta. Am J Perinatol 5:121–127

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barton JR, Stanziano GJ, Jacques DL, Bergauer NK, Sibai BM (1995) Monitored outpatient management of mild gestational hypertension remote from term in teenage pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173:1865–1868

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berry C, Atta MG (2016) Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. World J Nephrol 5:418–428

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bilo G, Parati G (2016) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: a mandatory approach in high-risk pregnancy? J Hypertens 34:2140–2142

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Black AY, Fleming NA, Rome ES (2012) Pregnancy in adolescents. Adolesc Med State Art Rev 23(123–38):xi

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosens I, Pijnenborg R, Vercruysse L, Romero R (2011) The “great obstetrical syndromes” are associated with disorders of deep placentation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204:193–201

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown RT, Brown JD (2006) Adolescent sexuality. Prim Care 33:373–390

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bullo M, Tschumi S, Bucher BS, Bianchetti MG, Simonetti GD (2012) Pregnancy outcome following exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists: a systematic review. Hypertension 60:444–450

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burwick RM, Feinberg BB (2013) Eculizumab for the treatment of preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome. Placenta 34:201–203

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, Cortez JM, Pappas A, Tarca AL, Chaemsaithong P, Dong Z, Yeo L, Hassan SS (2014) Plasma concentrations of angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors have prognostic value in women presenting with suspected preeclampsia to the obstetrical triage area: a prospective study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 27:132–144

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, Dudley JA, Dyer S, Gideon PS, Hall K, Ray WA (2006) Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. N Engl J Med 354:2443–2451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cui Y, Wang W, Dong N, Lou J, Srinivasan DK, Cheng W, Huang X, Liu M, Fang C, Peng J, Chen S, Wu S, Liu Z, Dong L, Zhou Y, Wu Q (2012) Role of corin in trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodelling in pregnancy. Nature 484:246–250

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Davis EF, Lazdam M, Lewandowski AJ, Worton SA, Kelly B, Kenworthy Y, Adwani S, Wilkinson AR, Mccormick K, Sargent I, Redman C, Leeson P (2012) Cardiovascular risk factors in children and young adults born to preeclamptic pregnancies: a systematic review. Pediatrics 129:e1552–e1561

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vienne CM, Creveuil C, Dreyfus M (2009) Does young maternal age increase the risk of adverse obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcomes: a cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 147:151–156

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dechend R, Viedt C, Muller DN, Ugele B, Brandes RP, Wallukat G, Park JK, Janke J, Barta P, Theuer J, Fiebeler A, Homuth V, Dietz R, Haller H, Kreuzer J, Luft FC (2003) AT1 receptor agonistic antibodies from preeclamptic patients stimulate NADPH oxidase. Circulation 107:1632–1639

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker G (2011) Hypertension. In: James D, Steer PJ, Weiner CP, Gonik B (eds) High risk pregnancy: management options. Elsevier, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckitt K, Harrington D (2005) Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies. BMJ 330:565

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Durnwald C, Mercer B (2003) A prospective comparison of total protein/creatinine ratio versus 24-hour urine protein in women with suspected preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:848–852

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Easterling TR (2016) Post-control of hypertension in pregnancy study (CHIPS): what is the optimal strategy to manage hypertension during pregnancy? Hypertension 68:36–38

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP, Bahado-Singh R, Gervasi MT, Romero R, Lee W, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Mittal P, Gotsch F, Erez O, Gomez R, Yeo L, Hassan SS (2010) Should bilateral uterine artery notching be used in the risk assessment for preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age, and gestational hypertension? J Ultrasound Med 29:1103–1115

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eure CR, Lindsay MK, Graves WL (2002) Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in young adolescent parturients in an inner-city hospital. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186:918–920

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Facemire CS, Nixon AB, Griffiths R, Hurwitz H, Coffman TM (2009) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 controls blood pressure by regulating nitric oxide synthase expression. Hypertension 54:652–658

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Facts on American Teens’ Sexual and Reproductive Health (2012) www.guttmacher.org. Available from www.guttmacher.org/sections/adolescent.php (Online)

  • Finer LB, Henshaw SK (2006) Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 38:90–96

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaillard R, Steegers EA, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW (2011) Associations of maternal obesity with blood pressure and the risks of gestational hypertensive disorders. The generation R study. J Hypertens 29:937–944

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garovic VD (2012) The role of angiogenic factors in the prediction and diagnosis of preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. Hypertension 59:555–557

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Garovic VD, Bailey KR, Boerwinkle E, Hunt SC, Weder AB, Curb D, Mosley TH Jr, Wiste HJ, Turner ST (2010) Hypertension in pregnancy as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease later in life. J Hypertens 28:826–833

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gavette L, Roberts J (1987) Use of mean arterial pressure (MAP-2) to predict pregnancy-induced hypertension in adolescents. J Nurse Midwifery 32:357–364

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert JS, Ryan MJ, Lamarca BB, Sedeek M, Murphy SR, Granger JP (2008) Pathophysiology of hypertension during preeclampsia: linking placental ischemia with endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294:H541–H550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goulopoulou S, Davidge ST (2015) Molecular mechanisms of maternal vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Trends Mol Med 21:88–97

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta N, Kiran U, Bhal K (2008) Teenage pregnancies: obstetric characteristics and outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 137:165–171

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guseh SH, Feinberg BB, Dawood HY, Yamamoto HS, Fichorova RN, Burwick RM (2015) Urinary excretion of C5b-9 is associated with the anti-angiogenic state in severe preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 73:437–444

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton B, U. S. Deparmment of Health and Human Services et al (2011) C. F. D. C. A. P. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Births: final data for 2009. Natl Vital Stat Rep 60:116

    Google Scholar 

  • He H, Venema VJ, Gu X, Venema RC, Marrero MB, Caldwell RB (1999) Vascular endothelial growth factor signals endothelial cell production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin through flk-1/KDR activation of c-Src. J Biol Chem 274:25130–25135

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He Y, Xu B, Song D, Yu F, Chen Q, Zhao M (2016) Correlations between complement system’s activation factors and anti-angiogenesis factors in plasma of patients with early/late-onset severe preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 35:499–509

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE (2002) Prognostic value of office and ambulatory blood pressure measurements in pregnancy. Hypertension 40:298–303

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE (2004) Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure measurements for the diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2:375–391

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez M, Hernandez I, Rodriguez F, Pertegal M, Bonacasa B, Salom MG, Quesada T, Fenoy F (2013) Endothelial dysfunction in gestational hypertension induced by catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition. Exp Physiol 98:856–865

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins JR, Walshe JJ, Halligan A, O'Brien E, Conroy R, Darling MR (1997) Can 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement predict the development of hypertension in primigravidae? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:356–362

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirashima C, Ohkuchi A, Takahashi K, Suzuki H, Yoshida M, Ohmaru T, Eguchi K, Ariga H, Matsubara S, Suzuki M (2011) Gestational hypertension as a subclinical preeclampsia in view of serum levels of angiogenesis-related factors. Hypertens Res 34:212–217

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hornig C, Barleon B, Ahmad S, Vuorela P, Ahmed A, Weich HA (2000) Release and complex formation of soluble VEGFR-1 from endothelial cells and biological fluids. Lab Invest 80:443–454

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey JR, Floyd RL (2012) Preconception health and healthcare environmental scan. Atlanta: CDC

    Google Scholar 

  • Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, Osmond C, Thornburg K, Barker DJ (2009) Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of stroke in the adult offspring: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Stroke 40:1176–1180

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanasaki K, Palmsten K, Sugimoto H, Ahmad S, Hamano Y, Xie L, Parry S, Augustin HG, Gattone VH, Folkman J, Strauss JF, KALLURI R (2008) Deficiency in catechol-O-methyltransferase and 2-methoxyoestradiol is associated with pre-eclampsia. Nature 453:1117–1121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil A, Maiz N, Garcia-Mandujano R, Elkhouli M, Nicolaides KH (2015) Longitudinal changes in maternal corin and mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide in women at risk of pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 45:190–198

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kost K, Heushaw S (2014) U.S. Teenage pregnancies, births and abortions: national and state trends and trends by race and ethnicity. New York: Guttmacher Institute

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA, Cottrill CM, Guthrie GP Jr, Somes G (1979) Blood pressures of young mothers and their first children 3–6 years following hypertension during pregnancy. J Chronic Dis 32:653–659

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kyle PM, Clark SJ, Buckley D, Kissane J, Coats AJ, de Swiet M, Redman CW (1993) Second trimester ambulatory blood pressure in nulliparous pregnancy: a useful screening test for pre-eclampsia? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 100:914–919

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lenders CM, Mcelrath TF, Scholl TO (2000) Nutrition in adolescent pregnancy. Curr Opin Pediatr 12:291–296

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine RJ, Maynard SE, Qian C, Lim KH, England LJ, Yu KF, Schisterman EF, Thadhani R, Sachs BP, Epstein FH, Sibai BM, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA (2004) Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 350:672–683

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine RJ, Lam C, Qian C, Yu KF, Maynard SE, Sachs BP, Sibai BM, Epstein FH, Romero R, Thadhani R, Karumanchi SA (2006) Soluble endoglin and other circulating antiangiogenic factors in preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 355:992–1005

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindheimer MD, Taler SJ, Cunningham FG (2010) Hypertension in pregnancy. J Am Soc Hypertens 4:68–78

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald-Wallis C, Lawlor DA, Fraser A, May M, Nelson SM, Tilling K (2012) Blood pressure change in normotensive, gestational hypertensive, preeclamptic, and essential hypertensive pregnancies. Hypertension 59:1241–1248

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Magee LA, Duley L (2003) Oral beta-blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD002863

    Google Scholar 

  • Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Rey E, Ross S, Asztalos E, Murphy KE, Menzies J, Sanchez J, Singer J, Gafni A, Gruslin A, Helewa M, Hutton E, Lee SK, Lee T, Logan AG, Ganzevoort W, Welch R, Thornton JG, Moutquin JM (2015) Less-tight versus tight control of hypertension in pregnancy. N Engl J Med 372:407–417

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Singer J, Lee T, Rey E, Ross S, Asztalos E, Murphy KE, Menzies J, Sanchez J, Gafni A, Helewa M, Hutton E, Koren G, Lee SK, Logan AG, Ganzevoort W, Welch R, Thornton JG, Moutquin JM (2016) The CHIPS randomized controlled trial (Control of hypertension in pregnancy study): is severe hypertension just an elevated blood pressure? Hypertension 68:1153–1159

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Makris A, Thornton C, Thompson J, Thomson S, Martin R, Ogle R, Waugh R, Mckenzie P, Kirwan P, Hennessy A (2007) Uteroplacental ischemia results in proteinuric hypertension and elevated sFLT-1. Kidney Int 71:977–984

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Lim KH, Li J, Mondal S, Libermann TA, Morgan JP, Sellke FW, Stillman IE, Epstein FH, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA (2003) Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 111:649–658

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mcdonald SD, Han Z, Walsh MW, Gerstein HC, Devereaux PJ (2010) Kidney disease after preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 55:1026–1039

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moser M, Brown CM, Rose CH, Garovic VD (2012) Hypertension in pregnancy: is it time for a new approach to treatment? J Hypertens 30:1092–1100

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy MS, Bytautiene E, Saade G, Smith GN (2015) Alterations to the maternal circulating proteome after preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213(853):e1–e9

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevo O, Soleymanlou N, Wu Y, Xu J, Kingdom J, Many A, Zamudio S, Caniggia I (2006) Increased expression of sFlt-1 in in vivo and in vitro models of human placental hypoxia is mediated by HIF-1. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291:R1085–R1093

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noori M, Donald AE, Angelakopoulou A, Hingorani AD, Williams DJ (2010) Prospective study of placental angiogenic factors and maternal vascular function before and after preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Circulation 122:478–487

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paranjothy S, Broughton H, Adappa R, Fone D (2009) Teenage pregnancy: who suffers? Arch Dis Child 94:239–245

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pare E, Parry S, Mcelrath TF, Pucci D, Newton A, Lim KH (2014) Clinical risk factors for preeclampsia in the 21st century. Obstet Gynecol 124:763–770

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patel TV, Morgan JA, Demetri GD, George S, Maki RG, Quigley M, Humphreys BD (2008) A preeclampsia-like syndrome characterized by reversible hypertension and proteinuria induced by the multitargeted kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:282–284

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Penning M, Chua JS, van Kooten C, Zandbergen M, Buurma A, Schutte J, Bruijn JA, Khankin EV, Bloemenkamp K, Karumanchi SA, Baelde H (2015) Classical complement pathway activation in the kidneys of women with preeclampsia. Hypertension 66:117–125

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Polifka JE (2012) Is there an embryopathy associated with first-trimester exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists? A critical review of the evidence. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 94:576–598

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powe CE, Levine RJ, Karumanchi SA (2011) Preeclampsia, a disease of the maternal endothelium: the role of antiangiogenic factors and implications for later cardiovascular disease. Circulation 123:2856–2869

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pruthi D, Khankin EV, Blanton RM, Aronovitz M, Burke SD, Mccurley A, Karumanchi SA, Jaffe IZ (2015) Exposure to experimental preeclampsia in mice enhances the vascular response to future injury. Hypertension 65:863–870

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Quinlivan JA, Evans SF (2004) Teenage antenatal clinics may reduce the rate of preterm birth: a prospective study. BJOG 111:571–578

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quinlivan JA, Evans SF (2005) Impact of domestic violence and drug abuse in pregnancy on maternal attachment and infant temperament in teenage mothers in the setting of best clinical practice. Arch Womens Ment Health 8:191–199

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regal JF, Gilbert JS, Burwick RM (2015) The complement system and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mol Immunol 67:56–70

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reuter DG, Law Y, Levy WC, Seslar SP, Zierler RE, Ferguson M, Chattra J, Mcquinn T, Liu LL, Terry M, Coffey PS, Dimer JA, Hanevold C, Flynn JT, Stapleton FB (2016) Can preeclampsia be considered a renal compartment syndrome? A hypothesis and analysis of the literature. J Am Soc Hypertens 10:891–899

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JM, August PA, Bakris G, Barton JR, Bernstein IM, Druzin M, Gaiser RR, Granger JP, Jeyabalan A, Johnson DD, Karumanchi S, Lindheimer M, Owens MY, Saade GR, Sibai BM, Spong CY, Tsigas E, Joseph GF, O’reilly N, Politzer A, Son S, Ngaiza K (2013) Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American college of obstetricians and gynecologists’ task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 122:1122–1131

    Google Scholar 

  • Roten LT, Fenstad MH, Forsmo S, Johnson MP, Moses EK, Austgulen R, Skorpen F (2011) A low COMT activity haplotype is associated with recurrent preeclampsia in a Norwegian population cohort (HUNT2). Mol Hum Reprod 17:439–446

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Salahuddin S, Lee Y, Vadnais M, Sachs BP, Karumanchi SA, Lim KH (2007) Diagnostic utility of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin in hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197(28):e1–e6

    Google Scholar 

  • Salazar MR, Espeche WG, Leiva Sisnieguez BC, Balbin E, Leiva Sisnieguez CE, Stavile RN, March CE, Grassi F, Santillan C, Cor S, Carbajal HA (2016) Significance of masked and nocturnal hypertension in normotensive women coursing a high-risk pregnancy. J Hypertens 34:2248–2252

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandrim VC, Palei AC, Metzger IF, Gomes VA, Cavalli RC, Tanus-Santos JE (2008) Nitric oxide formation is inversely related to serum levels of antiangiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endogline in preeclampsia. Hypertension 52:402–407

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seely EW, Ecker J (2011) Clinical practice. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. N Engl J Med 365:439–446

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sibai BM (1991) Medical disorders in pregnancy, including hypertensive diseases. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 3:28–40

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sibai BM (2002) Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 100:369–377

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sibai BM (2007) Caring for women with hypertension in pregnancy. JAMA 298:1566–1568

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sibai BM, Ewell M, Levine RJ, Klebanoff MA, Esterlitz J, Catalano PM, Goldenberg RL, Joffe G (1997) Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women. The Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) study group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:1003–1010

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sibai BM, Lindheimer M, Hauth J, Caritis S, Vandorsten P, klebanoff M, Macpherson C, Landon M, Miodovnik M, Paul R, Meis P, Dombrowski M (1998) Risk factors for preeclampsia, abruptio placentae, and adverse neonatal outcomes among women with chronic hypertension. National institute of child health and human development network of maternal-fetal medicine units. N Engl J Med 339:667–671

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui AH, Irani RA, Blackwell SC, Ramin SM, Kellems RE, Xia Y (2010) Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody is highly prevalent in preeclampsia: correlation with disease severity. Hypertension 55:386–393

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui AH, Irani RA, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Blackwell SC, Ramin SM, Kellems RE, Xia Y (2011) Recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor 121 attenuates autoantibody-induced features of pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice. Am J Hypertens 24:606–612

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R (2010) Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 376:631–644

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stepanian A, Alcais A, de Prost D, Tsatsaris V, Dreyfus M, Treluyer JM, Mandelbrot L (2014) Highly significant association between two common single nucleotide polymorphisms in CORIN gene and preeclampsia in Caucasian women. PLoS One 9:e113176

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Strevens H, Wide-Swensson D, Hansen A, Horn T, Ingemarsson I, Larsen S, Willner J, Olsen S (2003) Glomerular endotheliosis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. BJOG 110:831–836

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sukalich S, Mingione MJ, Glantz JC (2006) Obstetric outcomes in overweight and obese adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195:851–855

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H, Hattori S, Iwamatsu A, Takizawa H, Shibuya M (2004) A novel snake venom vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) predominantly induces vascular permeability through preferential signaling via VEGF receptor-1. J Biol Chem 279:46304–46314

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tangren JS, Powe CE, Ankers E, Ecker J, Bramham K, Hladunewich MA, Karumanchi SA, Thadhani R (2016). Pregnancy outcomes after clinical recovery from AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol [Epub ahead-of print]

    Google Scholar 

  • Thadhani R, Kisner T, Hagmann H, Bossung V, Noack S, Schaarschmidt W, Jank A, Kribs A, Cornely OA, Kreyssig C, Hemphill L, Rigby AC, Khedkar S, Lindner TH, Mallmann P, Stepan H, Karumanchi SA, Benzing T (2011) Pilot study of extracorporeal removal of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in preeclampsia. Circulation 124:940–950

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thadhani R, Hagmann H, Schaarschmidt W, Roth B, Cingoez T, Karumanchi SA, Wenger J, Lucchesi KJ, Tamez H, Lindner T, Fridman A, Thome U, Kribs A, Danner M, Hamacher S, Mallmann P, Stepan H, Benzing T (2016) Removal of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 by dextran sulfate apheresis in preeclampsia. J Am Soc Nephrol 27:903–913

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treffers PE, Olukoya AA, Ferguson BJ, Liljestrand J (2001) Care for adolescent pregnancy and childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 75:111–121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaught AJ, Gavriilaki E, Hueppchen N, Blakemore K, Yuan X, Seifert SM, York S, Brodsky RA (2016) Direct evidence of complement activation in HELLP syndrome: a link to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Exp Hematol 44:390–398

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesha S, Toporsian M, Lam C, Hanai J, Mammoto T, Kim YM, Bdolah Y, Lim KH, Yuan HT, Libermann TA, Stillman IE, Roberts D, D'Amore PA, Epstein FH, Sellke FW, Romero R, Sukhatme VP, Letarte M, Karumanchi SA (2006) Soluble endoglin contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Nat Med 12:642–649

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vikse BE, Irgens LM, Leivestad T, Skjaerven R, Iversen BM (2008) Preeclampsia and the risk of end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med 359:800–809

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • von Dadelszen P, Ornstein MP, Bull SB, Logan AG, Koren G, Magee LA (2000) Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis. Lancet 355:87–92

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallukat G, Homuth V, Fischer T, Lindschau C, Horstkamp B, Jupner A, Baur E, Nissen E, Vetter K, Neichel D, Dudenhausen JW, Haller H, Luft FC (1999) Patients with preeclampsia develop agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin AT1 receptor. J Clin Invest 103:945–952

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Beydoun MA (2007) The obesity epidemic in the United States – gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol Rev 29:6–28

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang IK, Muo CH, Chang YC, Liang CC, Chang CT, Lin SY, Yen TH, Chuang FR, Chen PC, Huang CC, Wen CP, Sung FC, Morisky DE (2013) Association between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and end-stage renal disease: a population-based study. CMAJ 185:207–213

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zeisler H, Llurba E, Chantraine F, Vatish M, Staff AC, Sennstrom M, Olovsson M, Brennecke SP, Stepan H, Allegranza D, Dilba P, Schoedl M, Hund M, Verlohren S (2016) Predictive value of the sFlt-1:PlGF ratio in women with suspected preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 374:13–22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou CC, Zhang Y, Irani RA, Zhang H, Mi T, Popek EJ, Hicks MJ, Ramin SM, Kellems RE, Xia Y (2008) Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies induce pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice. Nat Med 14:855–862

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou CC, Irani RA, Zhang Y, Blackwell SC, Mi T, Wen J, Shelat H, Geng YJ, Ramin SM, Kellems RE, Xia Y (2010) Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha induction contributes to increased soluble endoglin production in preeclampsia. Circulation 121:436–444

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou CC, Irani RA, Dai Y, Blackwell SC, Hicks MJ, Ramin SM, Kellems RE, Xia Y (2011) Autoantibody-mediated IL-6-dependent endothelin-1 elevation underlies pathogenesis in a mouse model of preeclampsia. J Immunol 186:6024–6034

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Pediatric Nephrology, 2200 Children’s Way, DOT 10110, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA

    Tracy E. Hunley & Deborah P. Jones

  2. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Adolescent and Young Adult Health, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 36300, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA

    Neerav Desai

Authors
  1. Tracy E. Hunley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neerav Desai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Deborah P. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tracy E. Hunley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Seattle Children’s Hospital Division of Nephrology, Seattle, WA, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn

  2. Division of Nephrology MassGeneral for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA

    Julie R. Ingelfinger

  3. St. Luke’s Health System, Children’s Nephrology and Hypertension, Boise, ID, USA

    Karen M. Redwine

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn MD, MS

  2. Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way, NE, 98105, Seattle, WA, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn MD, MS

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Hunley, T.E., Desai, N., Jones, D.P. (2018). Hypertension in the Pregnant Teenager. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Redwine, K. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31107-4_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31107-4_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31106-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31107-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation