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Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability

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Handbook of Exoplanets

Abstract

A habitable exoplanet is a world that can maintain stable liquid water on its surface. Techniques and approaches to characterizing such worlds are essential, as performing a census of Earthlike planets that may or may not have life will inform our understanding of how frequently life originates and is sustained on worlds other than our own. Observational techniques like high-contrast imaging and transit spectroscopy can reveal key indicators of habitability for exoplanets. Both polarization measurements and specular reflectance from oceans (also known as “glint”) can provide direct evidence for surface liquid water, while constraining surface pressure and temperature (from moderate resolution spectra) can indicate liquid water stability. Indirect evidence for habitability can come from a variety of sources, including observations of variability due to weather, surface mapping studies, and/or measurements of water vapor or cloud profiles that indicate condensation near a surface. Approaches to making the types of measurements that indicate habitability are diverse and have different considerations for the required wavelength range, spectral resolution, maximum noise levels, stellar host temperature, and observing geometry.

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Acknowledgements

TR gratefully acknowledges support from NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. The results reported herein benefitted from collaborations and/or information exchange within NASA’s Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network sponsored by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. Certain essential tools used in this work were developed by the NASA Astrobiology Institute’s Virtual Planetary Laboratory, supported by NASA under Cooperative Agreement No. NNA13AA93A. TR thanks J Fortney, N Cowan, V Meadows, and J Lustig-Yaeger for constructive critiques of this chapter.

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  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA

    Tyler D. Robinson

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  2. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain

    Juan Antonio Belmonte

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  1. Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

    Victoria Meadows

  2. Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA

    Rory Barnes

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Robinson, T.D. (2018). Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability. In: Deeg, H., Belmonte, J. (eds) Handbook of Exoplanets . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30648-3_67-1

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