Definition
Cylindroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm, related to spiradenoma, with differentiation along the lines of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit. We view spiradenoma, cylindroma and spiradenocylindroma as part of a morphological continuum with the former two lesions comprising the extremes of the spectrum. All three neoplasms occur either sporadically or in the setting of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome.
Incidence
Unknown
Age
Adult to elderly patients are mainly affected.
Sex
Prevalence is higher among women.
Site
Both sporadic and syndromic lesions present most commonly in the head and neck area.
Treatment
Surgical excision
Outcome
Cylindroma is a benign neoplasm. Malignant transformation is very rare.
Macroscopy
The neoplasm occurs either sporadically – usually as a solitary, smooth-surfaced, skin-colored, grey-pink, reddish or violaceous, small (usually 1–3 cm), asymptomatic nodule – or it may be part of the Brooke-Spiegler syndrome in which cylindromas occur in combination with...
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References and Further Reading
Kacerovska, D., Szepe, P., Vanecek, T., Nemcova, J., Michal, M., Mukensnabl, P., & Kazakov, D. V. (2008). Spiradenocylindroma-like basaloid carcinoma of the anus and rectum: Case report, including HPV studies and analysis of the CYLD gene mutations. The American Journal of Dermatopathology, 30(5), 472–476.
Kazakov, D. V., Soukup, R., Mukensnabl, P., Boudova, L., & Michal, M. (2005). Brooke-Spiegler syndrome: Report of a case with combined lesions containing cylindromatous, spiradenomatous, trichoblastomatous, and sebaceous differentiation. The American Journal of Dermatopathology, 27(1), 27–33.
Kazakov, D. V., Zelger, B., Rutten, A., Vazmitel, M., Spagnolo, D. V., Kacerovska, D., Vanecek, T., Grossmann, P., Sima, R., Grayson, W., Calonje, E., Koren, J., Mukensnabl, P., Danis, D., & Michal, M. (2009). Morphologic diversity of malignant neoplasms arising in preexisting spiradenoma, cylindroma, and spiradenocylindroma based on the study of 24 cases, sporadic or occurring in the setting of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 33(5), 705–719.
Kazakov, D. V., Michal, M., Kacerovska, D., & McKee, P. H. (2011). Cutaneous adnexal tumors. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Leonard, N., Chaggar, R., Jones, C., Takahashi, M., Nikitopoulou, A., & Lakhani, S. R. (2001). Loss of heterozygosity at cylindromatosis gene locus, CYLD, in sporadic skin adnexal tumours. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54(9), 689–692.
Sima, R., Vanecek, T., Kacerovska, D., Trubac, P., Cribier, B., Rutten, A., Vazmitel, M., Spagnolo, D. V., Litvik, R., Vantuchova, Y., Weyers, W., Pearce, R. L., Pearn, J., Michal, M., & Kazakov, D. V. (2010). Brooke-Spiegler syndrome: Report of 10 patients from 8 families with novel germline mutations: evidence of diverse somatic mutations in the same patient regardless of tumor type. Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, 19(2), 83–91.
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Kazakov, D.V. (2016). Cylindroma. In: Massi, D. (eds) Dermatopathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30006-1_409
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30006-1_409
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