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Thyroid Diseases pp 1–39Cite as

Congenital Hypothyroidism

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

Abstract

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most frequent congenital endocrine disorder with a reported incidence more than doubled in recent years. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of CH lead to growth retardation and neurological and psychiatric impairment, which can be largely prevented if thyroid hormone replacement therapy (L-T4 therapy) is commenced within the first 2 weeks of life. Development of neonatal screening programs in most industrialized countries, measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (T4) in dried blood spots, has allowed early diagnosis of CH. As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed by measuring serum TSH and thyroid hormone levels, L-T4 therapy should be started. Other diagnostic studies (i.e., scintigraphy and ultrasound) to determine the underlying cause of CH should not delay initiation of treatment. Controversies still exist regarding the optimal screening program and management of this disorder.

This chapter provides a summary of significant recent advances in the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Caterina Di Cosmo & Massimo Tonacchera

Authors
  1. Caterina Di Cosmo
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  2. Massimo Tonacchera
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Correspondence to Massimo Tonacchera .

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  1. Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Paolo Vitti

  2. Department of Endocrinology and Metaboli, Odense Univeristy Hospital, Odense, Denmark

    Laszlo Hegedus

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Di Cosmo, C., Tonacchera, M. (2018). Congenital Hypothyroidism. In: Vitti, P., Hegedus, L. (eds) Thyroid Diseases. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29195-6_11-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29195-6_11-1

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