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Encyclopedia of Pathology pp 1–3Cite as

Herpes Simplex

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Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

Definition

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are the two strains of the herpes family, Herpesviridae, which infect man and especially the oral cavity or genitals. Generally, HSV-1 gives rise to infections “above the waist” and HSV-2 “below the waist.” Both types are neurotropic.

Most primary HSV infections are acquired through direct contact with a lesion or with infected body fluids, especially saliva. Asymptomatic shedding occurs principally in the prodrome phase of the primary disease.

Clinically, the oral HSV-1 infection presents as gingivostomatitis. Most primary infections in children are mild to symptomatic, with only 10/20% very mild symptoms and arise after an incubation period of 2–20 days. The oral lesions may be accompanied by pyrexia, lethargy, loss of appetite, hypersalivation, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Due to difficulty in maintaining good oral hygiene, there can be oral malodour and a coated tongue.

HSV-1 has been suggested as a risk factor in...

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References and Further Reading

  • Arduino, P. G., & Porter, S. R. (2006). Oral and perioral herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infection: Review of its management. Oral Diseases, 12, 254–270.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arduino, P. G., & Porter, S. R. (2008). Herpes simplex virus type I infection: Overview on relevant clinico-pathological features. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 37, 107–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elad, S., Zadik, Y., Hewson, I., Hovan, A., Correa, M. E. P., Logan, R., Elting, L. S., et al. (2010). A systematic review of viral infections associated with oral involvement in cancer patients: A spotlight on Herpesviridae. Supportive Care in Cancer, 18, 993–1006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, M. (2016). Assessment of correlation of herpes simplex virus- with oral cancer and precancer – A comparative study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10, ZC14–ZC17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolokotronis, A., & Doumas, S. (2006). Herpes simplex virus infection, with particular reference to the progression and complication of herpetic gingivostomatitis. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12, 202–211.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jacqueline E. van der Wal

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  1. Jacqueline E. van der Wal
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Correspondence to Jacqueline E. van der Wal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. NIJMEGEN, The Netherlands

    J.H.J.M. van Krieken

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van der Wal, J.E. (2018). Herpes Simplex. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_729-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_729-1

  • Received:

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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