Synonyms
Definition
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is the main component of the amyloid deposits that occurs in pancreatic islets of the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes and in insulinomas.
Features
Islet amyloid polypeptide is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone, encoded by the homologous gene located on chromosome 12 (12p12.1). IAPP is synthesized as a prepropeptide of 89 amino acids, which is rapidly cleaved into a 67 aa propeptide in the endoplasmic reticulum. The propeptide is further processed into the mature peptide after the removal of the N- and C- terminal flanking peptide by the PC2 and PC1/3 proprotein convertase. The IAPP amino acid sequence shows homology with those of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (Westermark 2011).
IAPP is mainly produced by pancreatic beta cells where it is co-stored with insulin in the same secretory granules and released with it in response to food intake....
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References and Further Reading
Asthana, S., Mallick. B., Alexandrescu, A. T., & Jha, S. (2018). IAPP in type II diabetes: Basic research on structure, molecular interactions, and disease mechanisms suggests potential intervention strategies. Biocimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes, 1860, 1765–1782.
Guardado-Mendoza, R., Davalli, A. M., Chavez, A. O., Hubbard, G. B., Dick, E. J., Majluf-Cruz, A., Tene-Perez, C. E., Goldschmidt, L., Hart, J., Perego, C., Comuzzie, A. G., Tejero, M. E., Finzi, G., Placidi, C., La Rosa, S., Capella, C., Halff, G., Gastaldelli, A., DeFronzo, R. A., & Folli, F. (2009). Pancreatic islet amyloidosis, beta-cell apoptosis, and alpha-cell proliferation are determinants of islet remodeling in type-2 diabetic baboons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(33), 13992–13997.
La Rosa, S., Furlan, D., Sessa, F., & Capella, C. (2010). The endocrine pancreas. In R. V. Lloyd (Ed.), Endocrine pathology. Differential diagnosis and molecular advances (2nd ed., pp. 367–413). New York: Springer.
Rindi, G., Terenghi, G., Westermark, G., Westermark, P., Moscoso, G., & Polak, J. M. (1991). Islet amyloid polypeptide in proliferating pancreatic B cells during development, hyperplasia, and neoplasia in humans and mice. The American Journal of Pathology, 138(6), 1321.
Tomita, T. (2011). Immunocytochemical staining for islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Islets, 3(6), 344–351.
Vakilian, M., Tahamtani, Y., & Ghaedi, K. (2019). A review on insulin trafficking and exocytosis. Gene, 706, 52–61.
van Hulst, K. L., Oosterwijk, C., Born, W., Vroom, T. M., Nieuwenhuis, M. G., Blankenstein, M. A., Lips, C. J., Fischer, J. A., & Höppener, J. W. (1999). Islet amyloid polypeptide/amylin messenger RNA and protein expression in human insulinomas in relation to amyloid formation. European Journal of Endocrinology, 140(1), 69–78.
Westermark, G. T. (2011). Physiological and pathophysiological role of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin). In B. Booß-Bavnbek, B. Klösgen, J. Larsen, F. Pociot, & E. Renström (Eds.), BetaSys. Systems biology (Vol. 2, pp. 363–386). New York: Springer.
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Chiaravalli, A.M. (2020). Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5088-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5088-1
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