Synonyms
Definition
Rare and aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma characterized by markedly bizarre pleomorphic tumor giant cells (Moch et al. 2016).
Clinical Features
Incidence
This histological variant is very uncommon with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature (Lopez-Beltran et al. 2009; Samaratunga et al. 2016).
Age
Patients age ranges from 53 to 92 years, mean 70 years.
Sex
The two published case series reported a male predominance.
Site and presentation
All reported cases involved the urinary bladder and presented with hematuria, dysuria, or frequency.
Treatment
The patients are usually diagnosed by TURB and treated by cystoprostatectomy or cystectomy.
Outcome
Giant cell urothelial carcinoma is very aggressive with most tumors presenting in clinical stage T3 or T4 with frequent lymph node metastases. The prognosis is poor, and most patients died of the disease within 2 years of diagnosis or are alive with metastasis.
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References and Further Reading
Lopez-Beltran, A., Blanca, A., et al. (2009). Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Human Pathology, 40(10), 1461–1466.
Lopez-Beltran, A., Henriques, V., Montironi, R., et al. (2019). Variants and new entities of bladder cancer. Histopathology, 74, 77–96.
Moch, H., Humphrey, P. A., Ulbright, T. M., & Reuter, V. (2016). WHO classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Samaratunga, H., Delahunt, B., et al. (2016). Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: An extreme form of tumour de-differentiation. Histopathology, 68(4), 533–540.
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Fattorini, C., Lopez-Beltran, A., Raspollini, M.R. (2019). Urothelial Carcinoma, Giant Cell Type. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4983-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4983-1
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