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Bladder Cloacal Extrophy

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References and Further Reading

  • Corica, F. A., Husmann, D. A., Churchill, B. M., et al. (1997). Intestinal metaplasia is not a strong risk factor for bladder cancer: Study of 53 cases with long-term follow-up. Urology, 50, 427–431.

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  • Husmann, D. A., & Rathbun, S. R. (2008). Long-term follow up of enteric bladder augmentations: The risk for malignancy. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 4, 381–385.

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  • Junior, R. E., Leaf, E. M., Zhang, D., et al. (2010). Fibroblast growth factor-10 signals development of von Brunn’s nests in the exstrophic bladder. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, 299, 1094–1110.

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  • Kathopoulis, N., Thomakos, N., Mole, I., Papaspirou, I., Ntai, S., & Rodolakis, A. (2016). Anterior pelvic exenteration for exstrophic bladder adenocarcinoma: Case report and review. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 25, 13–15.

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  • Rubenwolf, P. C., Eder, F., Ebert, A. K., Hofstaedter, F., Woodhouse, C. R. J., & Roesch, W. H. (2013). Persistent histological changes in the exstrophic bladder after primary closure – A cause for concern? The Journal of Urology, 189, 671–677.

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  • Siffel, C., et al. (2011). Bladder exstrophy: An epidemiologic study from the international clearinghouse for birth defects surveillance and research, and an overview of the literature. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 157, 321–332.

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  • Smeulders, N., & Woodhouse, C. (2001). Neoplasia in adult exstrophy patients. British Journal of Urology, 87, 623–628.

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Correspondence to Antonio Lopez-Beltran .

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Henriques, V., Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2019). Bladder Cloacal Extrophy. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4786-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4786-1

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