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Jakobida

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  • First Online:
Handbook of the Protists

Abstract

Jakobida is a small group (<20 described species) that is related to Heterolobosea and Euglenozoa. Jakobids are free-living heterotrophs with two flagella. They primarily eat prokaryotes that are captured by suspension feeding, using a current produced by the posterior flagellum (which has a dorsal vane), and an “excavate”-type feeding groove. Most are marine or freshwater aerobes, although the Stygiellidae (Stygiella, Velundella) are marine and brackish water anaerobes. Most jakobids are free-swimming cells, some of which temporarily attach to surfaces, while Histionidae (e.g., Histiona, Reclinomonas) are freshwater sessile forms that sit within conical or wineglass-shaped organic loricas. Jakobids have rarely been identified as major components of microbial ecosystems, except in some anoxic marine waters. They are of special evolutionary importance, however, because their mitochondrial genomes retain more ancestral bacterial-like features than those of other eukaryotes. The mitochondrial genomes of aerobic jakobids encode more genes than those of any other eukaryote group; around 100 genes in total, including up to 69 protein-coding genes, ~10 of which occur in no other mitochondrial genome examined to date. In particular, they encode (subunits of) a bacterial-type RNA polymerase, while the mitochondrial RNA polymerase in other eukaryotes is a nucleus-encoded single-subunit enzyme with viral affinities. This retention by jakobids of the inferred-to-be-original mitochondrial RNA polymerase is an important datum for inferring the evolutionary history of eukaryotic cells, including the mitochondrial symbiosis. Malawimonads are a small group of heterotrophic flagellates that superficially resemble jakobids, but are of uncertain evolutionary position within eukaryotes and thus also of particular evolutionary importance.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Michael Gray (Dalhousie University), Michelle Leger (Dalhousie University), Marek Eliáš (University of Ostrava) and Tomas Pánek (University of Ostrava) for constructive comments, and B. Franz Lang (Université de Montréal) and Jürgen Strassert (University of British Columbia) for discussions. The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIfAR), program in Integrated Microbial Biodiversity.

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  1. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., LSC Room: 5088, P.O. Box 15000, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Alastair G. B. Simpson

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  1. Alastair G. B. Simpson
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Correspondence to Alastair G. B. Simpson .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    John M. Archibald

  2. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Alastair G.B. Simpson

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Claudio H. Slamovits

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Simpson, A.G.B. (2017). Jakobida. In: Archibald, J., Simpson, A., Slamovits, C. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_6

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