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Handbook of the Protists pp 1559–1618Cite as

Microsporidia

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Abstract

Microsporidia are unicellular, obligate intracellular, spore-forming eukaryotes classified among the protists. As parasites, they have been reported from every major group of animals from other protists to mammals and man. They are economically and medically important and can be found environmentally in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. This phylum consists of over 200 genera and approximately 1,300 species producing benign to lethal infections. While they are extremely diverse, they all share the diagnostic and unique resistant spore. It contains a polar filament complex which begins the life cycle by extruding this filament injecting the spore contents, the sporoplasm, into a host cell. As intracellular parasites, they are dependent upon their host for access to nutritional products and have evolved several ways to obtain the required metabolites which in turn have reduced their need to produce many of the biochemicals necessary for their development. As a result of this reduced need to produce their own metabolites, there has been a reduction in their physiological machinery, as well as formation of unique organelles and biochemical pathways. Gene sequencing data has indicated diversity in genome size that ranges from 50+Mbp to the smallest eukaryotic genome reported to date (2.3 Mbp).

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. R. Larsson for discussion and comments regarding classification.

Supported by NIH Grants AI31788, AI091985.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 57 US Highway 1, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA

    Ann Cali & Peter M. Takvorian

  2. Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA/ARS, Gainesville, FL, USA

    James J. Becnel

Authors
  1. Ann Cali
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  2. James J. Becnel
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  3. Peter M. Takvorian
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Correspondence to Ann Cali .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    John M. Archibald

  2. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Alastair G.B. Simpson

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Claudio H. Slamovits

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Cali, A., Becnel, J.J., Takvorian, P.M. (2017). Microsporidia. In: Archibald, J., Simpson, A., Slamovits, C. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_27

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