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Social anxiety is a common experience that occurs on a continuum (Rapee and Heimberg 1997; Ruscio 2010). Thus, while social anxiety and reticence may be appropriate and adaptive in some situation, social anxiety disorder (SAD) occurs when a person experiences multiple social fears that cause broad impairments (Heimberg et al. 2014). However, the distinction between normative social anxiety and SAD continues to be debated (Ruscio 2010).
In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), SAD (previously known as social phobia) is characterized by intense fear or anxiety about social situations in which the person may be observed and in which they fear their actions or displays of anxiety symptoms will be negatively evaluated (American Psychological Association [APA] 2013). These negative evaluations include potential humiliation and embarrassment as well as fears of rejection and offending others (APA 2013...
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References
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James, J.S. (2017). Social Anxiety/Social Phobia. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_947-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_947-1
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