Introduction
John Anthony Johnson has conducted research on the following topics in personality psychology and individual differences: (1) personality, moral development, and human evolution, (2) assessment of the major factors of personality, (3) psychological processes affecting the validity of self-report, (4) psychological factors influencing the conduct of scientific research, and (5) Internet-based personality research. These interests and accomplishments are best understood by tracing his personal and educational development, so this entry begins with a review of his personal background.
Personal Background
John A. Johnson was born November 11, 1953, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to John C. and Lorraine U. Johnson. In 1959, he and his family moved to State College, Pennsylvania. During his teens he developed broad interests in the arts, humanities, and sciences by reading extensively from his parents’ diverse library. He was particularly fascinated by books on the biological basis of...
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References
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Buchanan, T., Johnson, J. A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2005). Implementing a five-factor personality inventory for use on the Internet. European Journal of Personality Assessment, 21, 116–128. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.21.2.115.
Carroll, J., Gottschall, J., Johnson, J. A., & Kruger, D. (2012). Graphing Jane Austin: The evolutionary basis for literary meaning. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Carroll, J., Gottschall, J., Johnson, J. A., & Kruger, D. (2016). Agonistic structure in canonical British novels of the nineteenth century. In J. Carroll, D. P. McAdams, & E. O. Wilson (Eds.), Darwin’s bridge: Uniting the humanities and sciences (pp. 195–222). New York: Oxford University Press.
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Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006). The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 84–96. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007.
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Hogan, R., & Johnson, J. A. (1981). The structure of personality. Paper presented at the 89th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles.
Hogan, R., Johnson, J. A., & Emler, N. P. (1978). A socioanalytic theory of moral development. In W. Damon (Ed.), New directions for child development, Moral development (Vol. 2, pp. 1–18). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. doi:10.1002/cd.23219780203.
Johnson, J. A. (1981). The “self-disclosure” and “self-presentation” views of item response dynamics and personality scale validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 761–769. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.40.4.761.
Johnson, J. A. (1983). Criminality, creativity, and craziness: Structural similarities in three types of nonconformity. In W. S. Laufer & J. M. Day (Eds.), Personality theory, moral development, and criminal behavior (pp. 81–105). Lexington: D. C. Heath.
Johnson, J. A. (1993). Sex roles do not lead to gender differences in personality. Poster presented at the 5th annual meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Binghamton.
Johnson, J. A. (1994a). Multimethod replication of the AB5C model of personality traits. In B. De Raad, W. K. B. Hofstee, & G. L. M. Van Heck (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 5, pp. 42–49). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
Johnson, J. A. (1994b). Clarification of factor five with the help of the AB5C model. In B. De Raad & G. L. Van Heck (Eds.), The fifth of the big five [Special Issue]. European Journal of Personality, 8, 311–334. doi:10.1002/per.2410080408.
Johnson, J. A. (1996). Real utilitarianism: Moral goodness as causal efficacy. Invited lecture to the Religious and Philosophical Forum, Penn State Schuykill Campus.
Johnson, J. A. (1997a). Seven social performance scales for the California psychological inventory. Human Performance, 10, 1–30. doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1001_1.
Johnson, J. A. (1997b). Units of analysis for description and explanation in psychology. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 73–93). San Diego: Academic Press.
Johnson, J. A. (1999a). Persons in situations: Distinguishing new wine from old wine in new bottles. In I. Van Mechelen & B. De Raad (Eds.), Personality and situations [Special Issue]. European Journal of Personality, 13, 443–453. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(199909/10)13:5<443::AID-PER358>3.0.CO;2-9.
Johnson, J. A. (1999b). Some hypotheses concerning attempts to separate situations from personality dispositions. Invited paper presented at the Sixth European Congress of Psychology, Rome.
Johnson, J. A. (2000a). Predicting observers’ ratings of the Big Five from the CPI, HPI, and NEO-PI-R: A comparative validity study. European Journal of Personality, 14, 1–19. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(200001/02)14:1<1::AID-PER349>3.3.CO;2-5.
Johnson, J. A. (2000b). Web-based personality assessment. Poster presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Baltimore.
Johnson, J. A. (2001a). Screening massively large data sets for non-responsiveness in web-based personality inventories. Invited talk to the joint Bielefeld-Groningen Personality Research Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Johnson, J. A. (2001b). Reconsidering the causal efficacy of situations. Plenary address for the Biannual Kurt Lewin Institute Congress: Zeist.
Johnson, J. A. (2004). The impact of item characteristics on item and scale validity. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 273–302. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_6.
Johnson, J. A. (2005a). Ascertaining the validity of web-based personality inventories. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 103–129. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.009.
Johnson, J. A. (2005b). The good, the bad, and the ugly: The IPIP consultant’s experiences recounted. In L. R. Goldberg (Chair), The International Personality Item Pool, and the Future of Public-Domain Personality Measures. Presidential Symposium at the sixth annual meeting of the Association for Research in Personality, New Orleans.
Johnson, J. A. (2006). Ego syntonicity in responses to items in the California Psychological Inventory. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 73–83. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.008.
Johnson, J. A. (2007, June). The evolution of moral rules from natural laws. Poster presented at the 19th annual meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Williamsburg, VA.
Johnson, J. A. (2010). Web-based self-report personality scales. In S. D. Gosling & J. A. Johnson (Eds.), Advanced methods for conducting online behavioral research (pp. 149–166). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Johnson, J. A. (2011a). An evolutionary psychological analysis of intuitions about the fairness of wealth disparity. Poster presented at the 5th annual meeting of the North Eastern Evolutionary Psychology Conference, Binghamton.
Johnson, J. A. (2011b). The argumentative theory of reasoning applies to scientists and philosophers, too. [commentary on Mercier & Sperber: Why do humans reason?]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 34, 81–82. doi:10.1017/S0140525X10002931.
Johnson, J. A. (2012). I want to believe: Why even the smartest among us fall for the illusion of purpose [review of the belief instinct: the psychology of souls, destiny, and the meaning of life by Jesse Bering]. The Evolutionary Review: Art, Science, Culture, 3, 15–22.
Johnson, J. A. (2014). Measuring thirty facets of the five factor model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the IPIP-NEO-120. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 78–89. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.05.003.
Johnson, J. A. (2015). The best way to think about situations: process and reality, yea; circularity, nay. European Journal of Personality, 29, 394–395. doi:10.1002/per.2005.
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Johnson, J. A., & Hogan, R. (1981b). Vocational interests, personality, and effective police performance. Personnel Psychology, 34, 49–53. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1981.tb02176.x.
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Johnson, J. A., & Ostendorf, F. (1993). Clarification of the five factor model with the abridged Big Five-dimensional circumplex. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 563–576. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.65.3.563.
Johnson, J. A., & Worley, L. D. (1987). Criminals’ responses to religious themes in Whitman’s poetry. In J. M. Day & W. S. Laufer (Eds.), Crime, values, and religion (pp. 133–151). Norwood: Ablex.
Johnson, J. A., Hogan, R., Zonderman, A. B., Callens, C., & Rogolsky, S. (1981c). Moral judgment, personality, and attitudes toward authority. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 370–373. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.40.2.370.
Johnson, J. A., Smither, R., & Holland, J. L. (1981b). Evaluating vocational interventions: A tale of two career development seminars. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 180–183. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.28.2.210.
Johnson, J. A., Cheek, J. M., & Smither, R. (1983). The structure of empathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1299–1312. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.45.6.1299.
Johnson, J. A., Germer, C. K., Efran, J. S., & Overton, W. F. (1988). Personality as the basis for theoretical predilections. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 824–835. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.55.5.824.
Johnson, J. A., Carroll, J., Gottschall, J., & Kruger, D. J. (2008). Hierarchy in the library: Egalitarian dynamics in Victorian novels. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 715–738. http://www.epjournal.net/filestore/ep06715738.pdf.
Johnson, J. A., Carroll, J., Gottschall, J., & Kruger, D. (2011). Portrayal of personality in Victorian novels reflects modern research findings but amplifies the significance of agreeableness. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 50–58. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.011.
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Johnson, J. (2017). Johnson, John A.. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_2169-1
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