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Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences pp 1–4Cite as

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

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Definition

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) is a frequently used measure of intelligence for children under 7-years-old.

Introduction

The original WPPSI was adapted from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) in 1967 (Hill et al. 1985). There have been three revisions since the original (WPSSI-R 1989; WPPSI-III 2002; WPPSI-IV 2012). These revisions are designed to make the test easier to administer, as well as update items and norms with a current standardization sample. The most recent edition has some structural changes, including the addition of new indices and subtests, while still retaining many of the basic structural components of the Wechsler family of tests.

Norms/Standardization Sample

The standardization sample of 1700 children was collected between December 2010 and May 2012. The sample was based on the 2010 US Census data and specifically stratified for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education level, and...

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References

  • Hill, T. D., Reddon, J. R., & Jackson, D. N. (1985). The factor structure of the Wechsler scales: A brief review. Clinical Psychology Review, 5(4), 287–306. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(85)90009-1.

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  • Raiford, S. E., & Coalson, D. L. (2014). Essentials of WPPSI-IV assessment. Hoboken: Wiley.

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  • Watkins, M. W., & Beaujean, A. A. (2014). Bifactor structure of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Fourth edition. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(1), 52–63. doi:10.1037/spq0000038.

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  • Wechsler, D. (1989). Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-revised. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

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  • Wechsler, D. (2002). Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

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  • Wechsler, D. (2012). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (4th ed.). Bloomington: Pearson.

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  • Yu, T. Y., Chen, K. L., Chou, W., Yang, S. H., Kung, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Tung, L. C. (2016). Intelligence quotient discrepancy indicates levels of motor competence in preschool children at risk for developmental delays. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 501–510. doi:10.2147/NDT.S101155.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Psychology Program, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, 28223, Charlotte, NC, USA

    Sydney E. Park & George J. Demakis

Authors
  1. Sydney E. Park
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  2. George J. Demakis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to George J. Demakis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oakland University, Rochester, USA

    Virgil Zeigler-Hill

  2. Oakland University, Rochester, USA

    Todd K. Shackelford

Section Editor information

  1. University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA

    Charlie Reeve

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

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Park, S.E., Demakis, G.J. (2017). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1037-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1037-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

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