Definition
A system of behavior modification based on operant conditioning that utilizes systematic reinforcement of a target behavior. “Tokens” are given contingent on performance of the desired behavior, which then can be exchanged for reinforcers within a predetermined economy system.
Introduction
The token economy is a behavior modification technique that is based upon the principles of operant conditioning. Historically, systems of behavior reinforcement and incentives have been widespread for centuries. Currency exchange systems, in which goods and behaviors are exchanged for tokens that have secondary value, are a prime example. Incentive programs have also long been in place to reward military training and educational achievements. However, the formal experimental and theoretical basis for understanding the role of consequences on behavior was not begun until the late 1890s, with Thorndike’s experiments with...
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References
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Matson, J.L., Estabillo, J.A., Matheis, M. (2020). Token Economy. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_956
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_956
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