Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences pp 1291–1295Cite as

Emotional Affectivity

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 189 Accesses

Synonyms

Affective traits; Affectivity; Dispositional affect; Dispositional affectivity; Dispositional emotionality; Dispositional mood; Emotionality; Emotional traits; Habitual emotionality; Trait affect; Trait affectivity; Trait emotion; Trait emotionality; Trait mood

Definition

Emotional affectivity is a relatively stable individual trait that refers to the extent to which people generally experience various affective states.

Introduction

Although the capacity to experience moods and emotions is an integral part of human existence, people differ in the frequency and intensity of affective experiences. This relatively stable individual characteristic, referred to as emotional affectivity, trait affect, or trait emotion, is defined as an overall tendency to experience various moods and emotions (Izard et al. 1993; Revelle and Scherer 2009; Watson 2000). For example, individuals who are high in the trait of happiness are prone to more frequent and more intense episodes of joy than...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   3,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   5,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amodio, D. M., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2011). Trait emotions and affective modulation of the startle eyeblink: On the unique relationship of trait anger. Emotion, 11, 47–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canli, T. (2004). Functional brain mapping of extraversion and neuroticism: Learning from individual differences in emotion processing. Journal of Personality, 72, 1105–1132.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carstensen, L. L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., … Nesselroade, J. R. (2011). Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychology and Aging, 26, 21–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and judgment: The affect infusion model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117, 39–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, H. H., Buss, K. A., & Lemery, K. S. (1997). Toddler and childhood temperament: Expanded content, stronger genetic evidence, new evidence for the importance of environment. Developmental Psychology, 33, 891–905.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermes, M., Hagemann, D., Naumann, E., & Walter, C. (2011). Extraversion and its positive emotional core – Further evidence from neuroscience. Emotion, 11, 367–378.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humrichouse, J., Chmielewski, M., McDade-Montez, E. A., & Watson, D. (2007). Affect assessment through self-report methods. In J. Rottenberg & S. L. Johnson (Eds.), Emotion and psychopathology: Bridging affective and clinical science (pp. 13–34). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Izard, C. E., Libero, D. Z., Putnam, P., & Haynes, O. M. (1993). Stability of emotion experiences and their relations to traits of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 847–860.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jolly, J. B., Dyck, M. J., Kramer, T. A., & Wherry, J. N. (1994). Integration of positive and negative affectivity and cognitive content-specificity: Improved discrimination of anxious and depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 544–552.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 686–703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). The experience sampling method. In Flow and the foundations of positive psychology. The collected works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (pp. 21–34). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, A., Terry, D. J., & Jimmieson, N. L. (2008). Negative affectivity and responses to work stressors: An experimental study. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 21, 55–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oatley, K., & Duncan, E. (1994). The experience of emotions in everyday life. Cognition and Emotion, 8, 369–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quirin, M., & Bode, R. C. (2014). An alternative to self-reports of trait and state affect: The Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 30, 231–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quirin, M., Kazén, M., & Kuhl, J. (2009). When nonsense sounds happy or helpless: The Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 500–516.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quirin, M., Wróbel, M., Norcini Pala, A., Stieger, S., Brosschot, J., Kazén, M., … Kuhl, J. (2016). A cross-cultural validation of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT): Results from ten countries across three continents European Journal of Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000315.

  • Revelle, W., & Scherer, K. R. (2009). Personality and emotion. In D. Sander & K. R. Scherer (Eds.), Oxford companion to the affective sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, M. D., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Belief and feeling: Evidence for an accessibility model of emotional self-report. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 934–960.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. M. (1999). The phoenix of bipolarity: Reply to Watson and Tellegen. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 611–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R., Wranik, T., Sangsue, J., Tran, V., & Scherer, U. (2004). Emotions in everyday life: Probability of occurrence, risk factors, appraisal and reaction pattern. Social Science Information, 43, 499–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, N. (2007). Retrospective and concurrent self-reports: The rationale for real-time data capture. In A. Stone, S. S. Shiffman, A. Atienza, & L. Nebeling (Eds.), The science of real-time data capture: Self-reports in health research (pp. 11–26). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen, A., Lykken, D. T., Bouchard, T. J., Jr., Wilcox, K. J., Segal, N. L., & Rich, S. (1988). Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1031–1039.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomarken, A. J., Davidson, R. J., Wheeler, R. E., & Doss, R. C. (1992). Individual differences in anterior brain asymmetry and fundamental dimensions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 676–687.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994a). The vicissitudes of mood: A schematic model. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 400–405). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994b). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule – Expanded form. Retrieved from http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=psychology_pubs.

  • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219–235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 820–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yik, M., Russell, J. A., & Steiger, J. H. (2011). A 12-point circumplex structure of core affect. Emotion, 11, 705–731.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Monika Wróbel

Authors
  1. Monika Wróbel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monika Wróbel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA

    Virgil Zeigler-Hill

  2. Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA

    Todd K. Shackelford

Section Editor information

  1. Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Monika Wróbel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Wróbel, M. (2020). Emotional Affectivity. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_507

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation