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Alloy, Lauren

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Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences

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Lauren B. Alloy is Laura H. Carnell Professor and Joseph Wolpe Distinguished Faculty in Psychology at Temple University. She is a clinical psychologist who conducts research on cognitive, emotional, psychosocial, developmental, and neurobiological vulnerabilities to and mechanisms involved in the onset and course of mood disorders, both unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.

Early Life and Educational Background

Alloy was born Lauren Helene Bersh on November 22, 1953, in Philadelphia, PA, daughter of academic psychologist, Philip J. Bersh, and high-school English teacher, Jacqueline F. Bersh. She earned her B.A. in Psychology in 1974 and her Ph.D. in Experimental and Clinical Psychology in 1979 from the University of Pennsylvania. Her graduate school mentors were Martin Seligman and Richard Solomon. In addition, in graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania, she met her lifelong collaborator and best friend, Lyn Y. Abramson, now the Sigmund Freud Professor of Psychology at...

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Selected Bibliography

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  • Alloy, L. B., Peterson, C., Abramson, L. Y., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1984). Attributional style and the generality of learned helplessness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 681–687.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Murray, L. A., Whitehouse, W. G., & Hogan, M. E. (1997). Self-referent information processing in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Cognition & Emotion, 11, 539–568.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Whitehouse, W. G., Hogan, M. E., Tashman, N., Steinberg, D., Rose, D. T., & Donovan, P. (1999). Depressogenic cognitive styles: Predictive validity, information processing and personality characteristics, and developmental origins. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 503–531.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Rose, D. T., Robinson, M. S., Kim, R. S., & Lapkin, J. B. (2000). The temple – Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) project: Lifetime history of Axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 403–418.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Tashman, N., Berrebi, D. S., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Crossfield, A. G., & Morocco, A. (2001). Developmental origins of cognitive vulnerability to depression: Parenting, cognitive, and inferential feedback styles of the parents of individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 397–423.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Urosevic, S., Walshaw, P. D., Nusslock, R., & Neeren, A. M. (2005). The psychosocial context of bipolar disorder: Environmental, cognitive, and developmental risk factors. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 1043–1075.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Smith, J. B., Gibb, B. E., & Neeren, A. M. (2006a). Role of parenting and maltreatment histories in unipolar and bipolar mood disorders: Mediation by cognitive vulnerability to depression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9, 23–64.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Walshaw, P. D., Keyser, J., & Gerstein, R. K. (2006b). A cognitive vulnerability-stress perspective on bipolar spectrum disorders in a normative adolescent brain, cognitive, and emotional development context. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 1055–1103.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Whitehouse, W. G., Hogan, M. E., Panzarella, C., & Rose, D. T. (2006c). Prospective incidence of first onsets and recurrences of depression in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 145–156.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Walshaw, P. D., Cogswell, A., Sylvia, L. G., Hughes, M. E., Iacoviello, B. M., Whitehouse, W. G., Urosevic, S., Nusslock, R., & Hogan, M. E. (2008). Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivities and bipolar spectrum disorders: Prospective prediction of bipolar mood episodes. Bipolar Disorders, 10, 310–322.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Urosevic, S., Bender, R. E., & Wagner, C. A. (2009a). Longitudinal predictors of bipolar spectrum disorders: A Behavioral Approach System (BAS) perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16, 206–226.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Walshaw, P. D., Gerstein, R. K., Keyser, J. D., Whitehouse, W. G., Urosevic, S., Nusslock, R., Hogan, M. E., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009b). Behavioral Approach System (BAS) – relevant cognitive styles and bipolar spectrum disorders: Concurrent and prospective associations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 459–471.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Bender, R. E., Wagner, C. A., Whitehouse, W. G., Abramson, L. Y., Hogan, M. E., Sylvia, L. G., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009c). Bipolar spectrum – substance use co-occurrence: Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity and impulsiveness as shared personality vulnerabilities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 549–565.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Bender, R. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Wagner, C. A., Liu, R. T., Grant, D. A., Jager-Hyman, S., Molz, A., Choi, J. Y., Harmon-Jones, E., & Abramson, L. Y. (2012a). High Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity, reward responsiveness, and goal-striving predict first onset of bipolar spectrum disorders: A prospective behavioral high-risk design. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 339–351.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Black, S. K., Young, M. E., Goldstein, K. E., Shapero, B. G., Stange, J. P., Boccia, A. S., Matt, L. M., Boland, E. M., Moore, L. C., & Abramson, L. Y. (2012b). Cognitive vulnerabilities and depression versus other psychopathology symptoms and diagnoses in early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41, 539–560.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Urosevic, S., Abramson, L. Y., Jager-Hyman, S., Nusslock, R., Whitehouse, W. G., & Hogan, M. E. (2012c). Progression along the bipolar spectrum: A longitudinal study of predictors of conversion from bipolar spectrum conditions to bipolar I and II disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 16–27.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Boland, E. M., Ng, T. H., Whitehouse, W. G., & Abramson, L. Y. (2015a). Low social rhythm regularity predicts first onset of bipolar spectrum disorders among at risk individuals with reward hypersensitivity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 944–952.

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  • Alloy, L. B., Nusslock, R., & Boland, E. M. (2015b). The development and course of bipolar spectrum disorders: An integrated reward and circadian rhythm dysregulation model. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 213–250.

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  • Alloy, L.B., Olino, T., Freed, R.D., & Nusslock, R. (2016). Role of reward sensitivity and processing in major depressive and bipolar spectrum disorders. Behavior Therapy, 47, 600–621.

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  • Bender, R. E., & Alloy, L. B. (2011). Life stress and kindling in bipolar disorder: Review of the evidence and integration with emerging biopsychosocial theories. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 383–398.

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  • Boland, E. M., Bender, R. E., Alloy, L. B., Conner, B. T., LaBelle, D. R., & Abramson, L. Y. (2012). Life events and social rhythms in bipolar spectrum disorders: An examination of social rhythm sensitivity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139, 264–272.

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  • Boland, E. M., Stange, J. P., LaBelle, D. R., Shapero, B. G., Weiss, R. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2016). Affective disruption from social rhythm and behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivities: A test of the integration of the social zeitgeber and reward theories of bipolar disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 418–432.

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  • Burke, T.A., Connolly, S.L., Hamilton, J.L., Stange, J.P., Abramson, L.Y., & Alloy, L.B. (2016). Cognitive risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation: A two year longitudinal study in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1145–1160.

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  • Davidson, R. J., Lewis, D., Alloy, L. B., Amaral, D., Bush, G., Cohen, J., Drevets, W., Farah, M., Kagan, J., McClelland, J., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Petersen, B. (2002). Neural and behavioral substrates of mood and mood regulation. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 478–502.

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  • Dykman, B., Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., & Hartlage, S. (1989). Processing of ambiguous and unambiguous feedback among depressed and nondepressed college students: Schematic biases and their implications for depressive realism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 431–445.

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  • Gibb, B. E., & Alloy, L. B. (2006). A prospective test of the hopelessness theory of depression in children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35, 264–274.

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  • Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Rose, D. T., Whitehouse, W. G., Donovan, P., Hogan, M. E., Cronholm, J., & Tierney, S. (2001). History of childhood maltreatment, negative cognitive styles, and episodes of depression in adulthood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 425–446.

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  • Gibb, B. E., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2004). Emotional maltreatment from parents, peer victimization, and cognitive vulnerability to depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 1–21.

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  • Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Walshaw, P. D., Comer, J. S., Shen, G. H. C., & Villari, A. G. (2006). Predictors of attributional style change in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 425–439.

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  • Grandin, L. D., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (2006). The social zeitgeber theory, circadian rhythms, and mood disorders: Review and evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 679–694.

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  • Haeffel, G., Gibb, B. E., Metalsky, G. I., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Hankin, B. L., Joiner, T. E., & Swendsen, J. (2008). Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression: Development and validation of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 824–836.

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  • Hamilton, J. L., Shapero, B. G., Stange, J. P., Hamlat, E. J., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (2013). Emotional maltreatment, peer victimization, and depressive versus anxiety symptoms during adolescence: Hopelessness as a mediator. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42, 332–347.

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  • Hamilton, J. L., Stange, J. P., Kleiman, E., Hamlat, E. J., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2014). Cognitive vulnerabilities amplify the effect of early pubertal timing on interpersonal stress generation during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 824–833.

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  • Hamilton, J. L., Stange, J. P., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2015). Stress and the development of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression explain sex differences in depressive symptoms during adolescence. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 702–714.

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  • Hamlat, E. J., Stange, J. P., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2014). Early pubertal timing as a vulnerability to depression symptoms: Differential effects of race and sex. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 527–538.

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  • Harmon-Jones, E., Abramson, L. Y., Nusslock, R., Sigelman, J. D., Urosevic, S., Turonie, L., Alloy, L. B., & Fearn, M. (2008). Effect of bipolar disorder on left frontal cortical responses to goals differing in valence and task difficulty. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 693–698.

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  • Hartlage, S., Alloy, L. B., Vazquez, C. V., & Dykman, B. M. (1993). Automatic and effortful processing in depression. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 247–278.

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  • Iacoviello, B. M., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Choi, J. Y. (2010). The early course of depression: A longitudinal investigation of prodromal symptoms and their relation to the symptomatic course of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 459–467.

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  • Joiner, T. E., Steer, R. A., Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Metalsky, G. I., & Schmidt, N. B. (2001). Hopelessness depression as a distinct dimension of depressive symptoms among clinical and non-clinical samples. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 523–536.

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  • Just, N., & Alloy, L. B. (1997). The response styles theory of depression: Tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 221–229.

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  • Just, N., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2001). Remitted depression studies as tests of the cognitive vulnerability hypotheses of depression onset: A critique and conceptual analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 63–83.

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  • Kleiman, E.M., Chiara, A.M., Liu, R.T., Jager-Hyman, S.G., Choi, J.Y., & Alloy, L.B. (2016). Optimism and well-being: A prospective multi-method and multi-dimensional examination of optimism as a resilience factor following the occurrence of stressful life events. Cognition & Emotion, Online first.

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  • Liu, R. T., & Alloy, L. B. (2010). Stress generation in depression: A systematic review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future study. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 582–593.

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  • Liu, R. T., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Iacoviello, B. M., & Whitehouse, W. G. (2009). Emotional maltreatment and depression: Prospective prediction of depressive episodes. Depression & Anxiety, 26, 174–181.

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  • Martin, D., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (1984). The illusion of control for self and others in depressed and nondepressed college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 125–136.

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  • Ng, T. H., Stange, J. P., Black, C. L., Titone, M. K., Weiss, R. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2016). Impulsivity predicts the onset of DSM-IV-TR or RDC hypomanic and manic episodes in adolescents and young adults with high or moderate reward sensitivity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 198, 88–95.

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  • Nusslock, R., Abramson, L. Y., Harmon-Jones, E., Alloy, L. B., & Hogan, M. E. (2007). A goal-striving life event and the onset of bipolar episodes: Perspective from the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) dysregulation theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 105–115.

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  • Nusslock, R., Shackman, A. J., Harmon-Jones, E., Alloy, L. B., Coan, J. A., & Abramson, L. Y. (2011). Cognitive vulnerability and frontal brain asymmetry: Common predictors of first prospective depressive episode. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 497–503.

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  • Nusslock, R., Harmon-Jones, E., Alloy, L. B., Urosevic, S., Goldstein, K., & Abramson, L. Y. (2012). Elevated left mid-frontal cortical activity prospectively predicts conversion to bipolar I disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 592–601.

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  • Panzarella, C., Alloy, L. B., & Whitehouse, W. G. (2006). Expanded hopelessness theory of depression: On the mechanisms by which social support protects against depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 307–333.

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  • Reilly-Harrington, N., Alloy, L. B., Fresco, D. M., & Whitehouse, W. G. (1999). Cognitive styles and life events interact to predict bipolar and unipolar symptomatology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 567–578.

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  • Robinson, M. S., & Alloy, L. B. (2003). Negative cognitive styles and stress-reactive rumination interact to predict depression: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 275–291.

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  • Safford, S. M., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Crossfield, A. G. (2007). Negative cognitive style as a predictor of negative life events in depression-prone individuals: A test of the stress-generation hypothesis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 99, 147–154.

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  • Shen, G. C., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Sylvia, L. G. (2008). Social rhythm regularity and the onset of affective episodes in bipolar spectrum individuals. Bipolar Disorders, 10, 520–529.

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  • Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 116–128.

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  • Spasojevic, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001). Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression. Emotion, 1, 25–37.

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  • Stange, J. P., Hamilton, J. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2014). A vulnerability-stress examination of response styles theory in adolescence: Stressors, sex differences, and symptom specificity. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43, 813–827.

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  • Stange, J.P., Connolly, S.L., Burke, T.A., Hamilton, J.L., Hamlat, E.J., Abramson, L.Y., & Alloy, L.B. (2016). Inflexible cognition predicts first onset of major depressive episodes in adolescence. Depression & Anxiety, 33, 1005–1012.

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  • Sylvia, L. G., Alloy, L. B., Hafner, J. A., Gauger, M. C., Verdon, K., & Abramson, L. Y. (2009). Life events and social rhythms in bipolar spectrum disorders: A prospective study. Behavior Therapy, 40, 131–141.

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  • Urosevic, S., Abramson, L. Y., Harmon-Jones, E., & Alloy, L. B. (2008). Dysregulation of the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) in bipolar spectrum disorders: Review of theory and evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1188–1205.

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  • Weiss, R. B., Stange, J. P., Boland, E. M., Black, S. K., LaBelle, D. R., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2015). Kindling of life stress in bipolar disorder: Comparison of sensitization and autonomy models. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 4–16.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Lauren B. Alloy

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  1. Lauren B. Alloy
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Correspondence to Lauren B. Alloy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA

    Virgil Zeigler-Hill

  2. Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA

    Todd K. Shackelford

Section Editor information

  1. University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA

    Alicia Limke

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Alloy, L.B. (2020). Alloy, Lauren. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_358

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