Definition
D-love, also known as deficiency love, is the process of loving other (especially a partner) as a need for own gratification. This type of love needs to satiate the lack of belongingness and affection, a reason why the other is not seen as an independent, autonomous individual but rather as a mean to obtain what is lacked. It is a means experience rather than an end experience, i.e., the other is a vehicle to obtain love, respect, safety, and belongingness. Most importantly, according to Maslow (1954), it is the most common type of love.
Introduction
Maslow (1954) proposed that individuals move toward goals (i.e., motivation) based on their necessities. This proposal led to his hierarchy of needs, which represents two major classifications of five basic necessities, i.e., basic needs (physiological, safety, and social) and growth needs (self-actualization).
Based on this need of...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hanley, S. J., & Abell, S. C. (2002). Maslow and relatedness: Creating an interpersonal model of self-actualization. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(4), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216702237123.
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
Maslow, A. H. (1959). Cognition of being in the peak experiences. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 94, 43–66. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1959.10532434.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Religions, values and peak experiences. New York: Viking.
McAdams, D. P. (1980). A thematic coding system for the intimacy motive. Journal of Research in Personality, 14, 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(80)90001-X.
Rhodes, C. (1990). Growth from deficiency creativity to being creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 3(4), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419009534362.
Rowan, J. (1999). Ascent and descent in Maslow’s Theory. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 39(3), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167899393010.
Rubin, A. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1985). Interface of personal and mediated communication: A research agenda. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 2, 36–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295038509360060.
Saeednia, Y. (2011). Generating a scale measuring hierarchy of basic needs. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3084–3094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.250.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lopez Portillo, B. (2020). D-Love. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1462
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1462
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-24610-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-24612-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences