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Amphetamines and Derivatives

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Critical Care Toxicology

Abstract

This chapter addresses drugs that have the basic phenethylamine structure with various substitutions (Fig. 1). Amphetamine and methamphetamine, substituted amphetamines (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA; “Ecstasy”] and related compounds), related anorexigens, and new psychoactive substances (novel drugs of abuse) are discussed.

This chapter is a revision of the chapter by Patrick E. McKinney and Robert D. Palmer in the first edition of this book.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA

    Nicholas J. Connors

  2. Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Robert S. Hoffman

Authors
  1. Nicholas J. Connors
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  2. Robert S. Hoffman
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nicholas J. Connors or Robert S. Hoffman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Jeffrey Brent

  2. Office of New Drugs Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Keith Burkhart

  3. Clinical Toxicology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Paul Dargan

  4. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Benjamin Hatten

  5. Med & Toxicological Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France

    Bruno Megarbane

  6. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Robert Palmer

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

  1. I

    Evidence obtained from at least one properly randomized controlled trial.

  2. II-1

    Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

  3. II-2

    Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies, preferably from more than one center or research group.

  4. II-3

    Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments (such as the results of the introduction of penicillin treatment in the 1940s) could also be regarded as this type of evidence.

  5. III

    Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies and case reports, or reports of expert committees.

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Connors, N.J., Hoffman, R.S. (2016). Amphetamines and Derivatives. In: Brent, J., Burkhart, K., Dargan, P., Hatten, B., Megarbane, B., Palmer, R. (eds) Critical Care Toxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_4-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_4-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20790-2

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