Abstract
In 2014, the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery published the numbers of non-surgical cosmetic procedures performed around the world, showing that the most popular procedure was botulinum toxin A (BTXA) injections. Although the most popular treatment, complications and adverse events relating to BTXA are rare as knowledge improves every day due to various anatomic studies, clinical studies, and the improvement of doctors’ skills. Due to the mechanism of action of BTXA, its adverse events tend to be transitory and short in duration, but have a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life that needs to be minimized or avoided. Knowledge of facial anatomy, injection techniques, complications, and adverse events is paramount. In this chapter we discuss the possible complications and adverse events of BTXA, how to avoid them, and how to minimize them when they do occur.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Cavallini M, et al. Safety of botulinum toxin A in aesthetic treatments: asystematic review of clinical studies. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(5):525–36.
Coté TR, Mohan AK, Polder JA, Walton MK, et al. Botulinum toxin type A injections: adverse events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(3):407–15.
Dayan SH. Complications from toxins and fillers in the dermatology clinic: recognition, prevention and treatment. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2013;21(4):663–73.
Ferreira MC, Sales AG, Gimenez R, Soares MF. Complications with the use of botulinum toxin type A in facial rejuvenation: report of 8 cases. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2004;28(6):441–4.
Gassia V. Prevention and management of locoregional complications of botulinum A toxin injections in cosmetic treatment. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2009;136(Suppl 4):S146–51.
Hassouneh B, Newman JP. Lasers, fillers and neurotoxins: avoiding complications in the cosmetic facial practice. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2013;21(4):585–98.
Hefter H, Hartmann C, Kahlen U, Moll M, Bigalke H. Prospective analysis of neutralizing antibody titers in secondary non-responders under continuous treatment with a botulinum toxin type A preparation free of complexing proteins – a single cohort 4-year follow-up study. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000646.
Hexsel D, De Almeida AT. Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin. Editora AGE: Porto Alegre; 2002.
International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. ISAPS global statistics. 2014. http://www.isaps.org/news/isaps-global-statistics. Accessed 15 Oct 2015.
Kim JW, Baek S. Functional and histologic changes in the lacrimal gland after botulinum toxin injection. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24(6):1960–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e31829ac655.
Kim MM, Byrne PJ. Facial skin rejuvenation in Asian patient. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2007;15(3):381–6.
Kirkpatrick CA, Shriver EM, Clark TJ, Kardon RH. Upper eyelid response to 0.5% apraclonidine. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000000843.
Klein AW. Complications and adverse reactions with use of botulinum toxin. Dis Mon. 2002;48(5):295–383.
Klein AW. Contraindications and complications with the use of botulinum toxin. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22(1):66–75.
Lolis M, et al. Patient safety in procedural dermatology. Part II. Safety related to cosmetic procedures. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(1):15–24.
Lorenc ZP, Kenkel JM, Fagien S, et al. Consensus panel’s assessment and recommendations on the use of 3 botulinum toxin type A products in facial aesthetics. Aesthet Surg J. 2013;33(1 Suppl):35S–40S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090820X13480479.
Lowe NJ, Ascher B, Heckmann M, et al. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose–response study of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in subjects with crow’s feet. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:257–62.
Molgó J, Lemeignan M, Thesleff S. Aminoglycosides and 3,4-diaminopyridine on neuromuscular block caused by botulinum type A toxin. Muscle Nerve. 1987;10(5):464–70.
Molgó J, Lemeignan M, Thesleff S. Aminoglycosides and 3,4-diaminopyridine on neuromuscular block caused by botulinum type A toxin. Muscle Nerve. 1987;10(5):464–70.
Naumann M, et al. Immunogenicity of botulinum toxins. J Neural Transm. 2013;120(2):275–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-012-0893-9.
Ozgur OK, Murariu D, Parsa AA, Parsa FD. Dry eye syndrome due to botulinum toxin type-A injection: guideline for prevention. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2012;71(5):120–3.
Park MY, Ahn KY, Jung DS. Botulinum toxin type A treatment for contouring of the lower face. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29(5):477–83.
Pena MA, Alam M, Yoo SS. Complications with the use of botulinum toxin type A for cosmetic applications and hyperhidrosis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007;26(1):29–33.
Ricciardi L, Bovea F, Fasanoa A. Xeomin® use in patients with systemic immune reactions to other botulinum toxins type A. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20:e45–6.
Santos JI, Swensen P, Glasgow LA. Potentiation of Clostridium botulinum toxin aminoglycoside antibiotics: clinical and laboratory observations. Pediatrics. 1981;68(1):50–4.
Schlessinger J, Dover JS, Joesph J, et al. Long-term safety of abobotulinum toxin A for the treatment of glabellar lines: results from a 36-month, multicenter open-label extension study. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(1):176–83.
Skaf GS, Domloj NT, Salameh JA, Atiyeh B. Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery: a complication of botulinum toxin injection. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2012;36(4):982–5.
Tamura B. Estudo imuno-histoquímico da pele antes e após tratamento da hiperidrose axillar com a toxina botulínica [doctorate thesis]. 2005.
Tamura B. Toxina botulínica: concepção de beleza e da estética atual. Editora Santos: São Paulo; 2007.
Tamura B. Anatomia da face aplicada aos preenchedores e à toxina botulínica. Parte I. Surg Cosmet Derm. 2010a;2(3):195–204.
Tamura B. Anatomia da face aplicada aos preenchedores e à toxina botulínica. Parte II. Surg Cosmet Derm. 2010b;2(4):291–303.
Tamura B. The effect of botulinum toxin on platysma muscle. Curr Derm Rep. 2012;1(2):89–95.
Tamura B, Odo MY. Classificação das rugas periorbitárias e tratamento com a toxina botulínica tipo A. Surg Cosmet Derm. 2011;3(2):129–33.
Tamura BM, Cucé LC, Rodrigues CJ. Allergic reaction to botulinum toxin: positive intradermal test. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(8):1117–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34223.x.
Vartanian AJ, Dayan SH. Complications of botulinum toxin A use in facial rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2005;13:1–10.
West TB, Alster TS. Effect of botulinum toxin type A on movement associated rhytides following CO2 laser resurfacing. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25(4):259–61.
Zagui RM, Matayoshi S, Moura FC. Efeitos adversos associados à aplicação de toxina botulínica na face: revisão sistemática com meta-análise. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71(6):894–901.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
da Cunha, M.G., da Cunha, A.L.G., Tamura, B. (2019). Botulinum Toxin: Complications and Their Management. In: Issa, M., Tamura, B. (eds) Botulinum Toxins, Fillers and Related Substances. Clinical Approaches and Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_15-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_15-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20253-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20253-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Botulinum Toxin: Complications and Their Management- Published:
- 03 January 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_15-2
-
Original
Botulinum Toxin: Complications and Their Management- Published:
- 12 May 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_15-1